This page presents the recorded teaching of Dr. Ida P. Rolf (1896–1979), founder of Structural Integration, in her own words. "Rolfing®" and "Rolfer®" are registered trademarks of the Dr. Ida Rolf Institute. This archive is independently maintained for educational purposes and is not affiliated with the Dr. Ida Rolf Institute.

Ida Rolf in Her Own Words · Topics

Ida Rolf on Spirit as intangible increment

Spirit, in Ida's late teaching, is the intangible increment whose addition turns parts into a whole. The formulation is not religious — Ida was a research chemist by training, Barnard PhD 1916, Rockefeller Institute, and she carried into her seventies a stubborn materialist habit of mind. But by 1974, sharing the platform at the Open Universe Class in Los Angeles with the Methodist minister Marcus Bach, the parapsychologist Valerie Hunt, and the physicist Julian Silverman, she found herself forced to name what her work was actually adding to a body when fascia loosened and the contour resolved. The answer she ventured — tentative, scientifically cautious, but unmistakably hers — was that spirit might be the increment that makes a whole greater than the sum of its parts. This article draws from her 1974 Healing Arts and Open Universe lectures, with supporting passages from her 1976 Boulder advanced class and from her colleagues Marcus Bach, Valerie Hunt, and Julian Silverman, to trace how Ida thought about spirit when she finally had to think about it on the record.

A chemist forced to use the word

Ida did not arrive at the word *spirit* through religion. She arrived at it through a problem in her science. The body that came off the street was disorganized, and the body that left her table was — measurably, visibly — more ordered. Valerie Hunt's instruments at UCLA were registering increased auric field width, smoother electromyographic patterns, downward shifts in motor control. Something was being added. The question was: what is that something? In the 1974 Open Universe Class, sharing the platform with the Methodist minister Marcus Bach, Ida walked the audience through the options. She is meditative here, not doctrinal. The passage shows her doing the work of definition out loud, with Bach's earlier talk on spirit still in the air, and crediting him explicitly for handing her the problem.

"Perhaps spirit is that intangible increment which in its edition creates a whole."

Open Universe Class, Los Angeles, 1974, responding to Marcus Bach's lecture on spirit.

The core formulation — spirit as the intangible increment that creates a whole — alongside her careful enumeration of the options for what spirit might be.1

The move here is precise. Ida is not equating spirit with God, with soul, or with the breath of life — those moves belong to Marcus Bach, whose lecture from the previous week she is responding to. She is doing something different. She is asking what category of phenomenon the word names. The candidates are three: spirit-as-energy (the simplest equation), spirit-as-special-energy-with-its-own-rules (the option Valerie Hunt's work seems to point toward, since her aura measurements register a phenomenon that does not obey the inverse-square law), and spirit-as-the-increment-that-makes-wholeness-possible (the holistic option). She does not choose. But the third formulation — the increment that creates a whole — is the one she keeps returning to, and the one her work most directly tests.

The production archive's cached response cites the following passage on this point. It is preserved here for the bibliographic continuity readers expect.

"You see, one option is to equate spirit with energy. Maybe? One option is to see it as a special something, a special something, a tenuous energy having rules of its own, not obeying the laws of the material universe, because in the material universe energy varies in accordance with spatial relations. Energy varies with the square of the distance, light, sound, and so forth. These energies, have to do with our three-dimensional universe, have this characteristic. But the spirit which you find in the universe that Doctor. Hunt has been talking about, that is not bound by space, nor is it bound by time. It has a different quality."

Ida Rolf, advanced class.

A passage from the production archive.2

Marcus Bach's etymology and the problem of breath

Marcus Bach was the colleague who pushed Ida into this territory. A Methodist minister and comparative-religion scholar who had spent decades with the Zen monasteries of Japan, the Ramakrishna order, and the aboriginal dream-time traditions of Australia, Bach came to Ida's classes already convinced that Structural Integration was the closest thing he had found to a practice that took spirit seriously as a life force. His own etymology lectures grounded the word in something concrete — the Latin *spiritus*, to breathe — and from there he traced the equation, common to every major religion he had researched, between the breath of God and the breath of life. The framing is not Ida's, but she absorbed it; the passages of hers that follow ride on the scaffolding Bach laid down.

"Spirit, of course, is from the Latin spiritus, which means to breathe. And this is nothing new to any of you. It may be new to most of you, however, that in all of the religions that I have ever researched, the major religions, about nine of them particularly in the world, and about 40 of the minor religions. I can almost say that without exception, I mean, may generalize and say that all of these religions are agreed that if spirit does mean to breathe or breath, then the breath of life is the breath of God, and the breath of God is the breath of life."

Bach's etymology lecture at the Open Universe Class, 1974, the historical anchor for the discussion Ida joined the following week.

Bach grounds the word *spirit* in *spiritus*, breath, and locates the breath-of-life / breath-of-God equation across nine major and forty minor religions.3

Bach's contribution to Ida's thinking was permission. He was the figure in her late-career circle who said openly that the word *spirit* named something real, that no purely physical account of the human being could be complete without it, and that her own work was — whether she liked it or not — touching this domain. Ida's own materialism made her wary of the word; Bach's scholarship made the word usable. By the time she stood up to respond to his lecture, she could speak the word without abandoning her science, because Bach had given her a way to treat *spirit* as a category to be investigated rather than a doctrine to be assented to.

"But I had the feeling, and I say this to you in all sincerity, and I wouldn't be here tonight if I didn't feel that way. I have the feeling that Rothen comes closer to recognizing spirit as the life force and to seeking to make it unitive more than any group that I have investigated or interested myself in. The others still put life into happy categories or unhappy categories. The medical profession, generally, The colleges, generally. The church, generally. Happily, happily into categories. Now Rolfing isn't a religion, but I had this feeling that Rolfing came so close that I wanted to I was thrilled when doctor Ida told me she said, you know, she used this phrase, and I've been using it for years, we've never discussed it. She said, I want to have more to say about the total person, the total person. That really, you know, hit me because that's what I was interested in. I want to tell you something. When I saw the film in that beautiful theater over there when I saw the film and when I heard the phrase, Gravity is the therapist, then I began to see how in my work, my relationship with a basic idea, which I will now state as follows. The microcosm man must be structurally integrate integrated to the macrocosm, the universe, or the cosmos."

Bach, in the same 1974 series, names what he thinks Structural Integration is doing with the life force.

Bach's explicit claim that the practice comes closer than any other tradition he has studied to recognizing spirit as the life force — the position Ida is responding to.4

Energy is not metaphysical

Ida's instinct, when pressed on spirit, was to translate the word into the language of energy and to keep the energy language as physical as she could. The fascia, in her account, is the organ through which energy moves; reorganizing the fascia changes how the body holds and transmits energy; the ratio of body-energy to gravitational-energy is what determines whether a person feels alive or feels worn down. This is not metaphysics in her telling — it is the addition of measurable energy to a measurable structure. In her 1974 Healing Arts lecture, she is precise about it: the practitioner's pressure on the fascia is *energy added*, and the body's increasing balance is the structural register of that addition.

"And it is this body which has had very little, almost no exploration in the sense that we have been giving to it. I remember sending somebody who came to me as a student and I set them the question of I set them to answer the question, what is fascia? She decided that was lots of fun. She'd go to the library. She'd have the answer in no time. She went to the library. She spent two days in the library, and she couldn't find the answer. And this is indicative merely of the fact that we are going into an unknown territory, a terra incognita, and trying to find out what changes in that body are going to develop into what changes in"

Healing Arts lecture, 1974, defining what fascia is and how little has been said about it.

Ida's reminder that the fascial body is the structural substrate she is working on — the body that science has barely begun to investigate, which she will then connect to the energy-addition argument.5

The point Ida makes in the following passage is that this is *terra incognita* — and that what she is doing in calling pressure *energy* is staking a claim that the medical and scientific vocabulary of the 1970s did not yet have a settled way to receive. Her language remains chemical and structural: collagen molecules, hydrogen bonds, calcium-sodium ratios, the addition of pressure shifting the molecular architecture of fascial sheaths. But the conclusion she drives toward is not chemical. It is that the ratio of *man-energy to gravity-energy* increases as the body comes into balance, that this ratio reverses the entropic deterioration of the organism, and that the body now appears capable of building up rather than running down. This is where she begins to suspect that something other than Newtonian energy is in play.

"Two factors contribute to this: the first that the body, seemingly a unit, is in fact not a unit but a consolidation of large segments: the head, the thorax, the pelvis, the legs. The relation of these segments can be changed because the connecting myofascial structure is a structure of connective tissue of collagen. This is what that myofascial body is about. And collagen is a unique protein. The collagen molecule is a very large protein and it is a braiding of three strands a special braiding. These three strands are connected by various inorganic hydrogen sometimes, sodium sometimes, calcium sometimes, and undoubtedly other minerals. These minerals are interchangeable within limits. Thus, as the body grows older and stiffer, undoubtedly a larger percentage of calcium and a smaller percentage of sodium are present in these bonds. But by the addition of energy and what is energy? In this come in this context, it can it is the pressure of the fingers or the elbow of the ralpha. This ratio may be varied by the addition of this energy, and the joint or the connective tissue becomes more resilient, more flexible."

Healing Arts lecture, 1974, defining the collagen molecule and the meaning of *energy* in the practitioner's hands.

Ida explicitly defines what *energy* means in her work — the pressure of fingers and elbow — and ties this to molecular changes in collagen bonds.6

The second energy — the one that breaks the inverse-square law

Valerie Hunt's research at UCLA gave Ida a second category of energy to think with. Hunt was measuring auras — their width, their color, their coherence — and finding that incoming clients typically registered auras of half an inch to an inch, while clients who had completed the ten-session series registered auras of four to five inches. The phenomenon, whatever it was, did not obey the inverse-square law that governs Newtonian energy. Light, sound, gravitational attraction all fall off with the square of the distance; the energy Hunt was registering did not. This single fact — that there appeared to be an energy whose distinguishing characteristic was its *failure to observe the law of inverse squares* — became, in Ida's late teaching, the empirical opening for her tentative formulation of spirit as a tenuous energy with its own rules.

"Obviously, we are dealing with a basic energy phenomenon of life here. Whether this really relates to or equates with the energy referred to earlier, the energy whose principal distinguishing characteristics is its failure to observe the law of inverse squares, which characterizes Newtonian energy transmission. This we do not know at this point, nor do we see any way to determine it in the very near future. But that which we do know is exciting enough. What do we know? What have we found out? We know that order can be evoked in the myofascial system of the body by substantially balancing the myofascial structures about a vertical line. We know that logically in body mechanics, we can expect that the vertical lines of that force manifesting as the gravitational field can either support and reinforce a body, or it can disorganize it and presumably passing by presumably passing through and being part of it, it can destroy and minimize the energy fields surrounding it."

Healing Arts lecture, 1974, on what Hunt's instruments are registering.

Ida names the open question — is the aura phenomenon the same energy that disobeys the inverse-square law? — and lays out what is known and unknown.7

The careful epistemological move Ida makes here is the one she carried through the rest of the discussion. She declines to claim that the aura phenomenon *is* spirit. She declines to claim it *isn't*. She names what is measurable, names what is intuited, names what is unknown, and refuses to collapse the categories. This is the temperament that lets her use the word *spirit* in the same paragraph as the word *collagen* without embarrassment — because *spirit*, in her hands, has not yet been promoted from candidate-term to settled doctrine. It is a hypothesis about what kind of energy might be at play, held open for the kind of measurement Hunt was trying to develop.

"Hunt has been observing it and measuring it, and she will tell you about her sophisticated pioneering exploration in this field, which I know is very dear to your heart. We know that the body has developed embryologically from three systems: the digestive or endomorphic, the nervous or ectomorphic, and the myofascial, mesomorphic or muscular. And of these, it is the myofascial system which is the organ of structure, the myofascial which seemingly offers the opportunity for structural changes, for changes in the three-dimensional world. As loftus, we've been observing for a long time. The increase of energy of the body in order the appropriate relation is added to it. Now, Doctor. Hunt has validated our claim by measuring the increased energy of the body as changes in the material structure have been introduced. She's done this in several ways. She's measured the light energy indirectly through her instruments, and with the help of Doctor. Rosalind Bried, directly through direct reading of the aura. And amazingly, this age old measurement by Doctor. Brierez confirmed Doctor. Hunt's brand new instrument. Hunt could have saved the money, but that's all what all metaphysicians have been telling us for centuries anyway. In terms of measuring light, Doctor. Breyer and Doctor."

Healing Arts lecture, 1974, summarizing the convergence of Hunt's instruments and Rosalind Bryer's direct aura readings.

Ida treats the convergence of instrumental measurement and direct clairvoyant reading as a single empirical observation worth taking seriously.8

Spirit through other voices in her circle

Ida was not alone in this work. Her late-career classroom was dialogic. Marcus Bach traced the etymology and walked through the history; Valerie Hunt ran the instruments; Julian Silverman provided the thermodynamic framing. Each of them, in the 1974 lectures, offered a different angle on the same question — what is the increment? Bach, the religious scholar, took the most direct route. In his second lecture in the series he reached for Plato, Galen, and the early-twentieth-century theologian who he names simply as *Thayer*, and arrived at the formulation he wanted: spirit as spiritual energy. The formulation is Bach's, not Ida's, but Ida sat through the lecture, and her own subsequent formulation rides on his.

"a metaphysician such as Plato. Then came a great physician by the name of Galen, who dominated medical history for about fifteen hundred years with his humoral concept. He postulated, or he tried to feel that the triad in man, the soul or the spirit, that this was composed of what he called natural, vital, and neurological. And he followed the triad this way in an attempt to come to what the heart of life in the individual might be. So you could go from that point, from the concept of Plato to the concept of a physician, Clarissimus Galen, to of our time, if we may take a big step for the because of the limitation of time. And come to Thayer, who said, when I speak of spirit, I am speaking of spiritual energy. Now, this, I think, brings us closer to the heart of spirit as I at least am trying to view him or it tonight. A spiritual energy. If it is possible that this spiritual energy is so important as the that it will cause the integration of the triad, then this is something that we can well consider and we can well perhaps work with. And I'm sure that what I have heard of Rolfing and of Rolfers and the hours that I have spent not only in Rolfing but in conversation with doctor Ida, I don't know."

Bach's history of the concept of spirit, leading to his formulation that spirit is spiritual energy.

Bach lays out the historical lineage — Plato, Galen, Thayer — and lands on the formulation that becomes the working definition for the rest of the series.9

Valerie Hunt's contribution was different. Where Bach worked from the side of historical and religious scholarship, Hunt worked from the laboratory and pressed toward something more clinical. In her own remarks in the 1974 series, she translated *spirit* into the vocabulary of frequency, coherence, and field. The work was the same work — naming the increment — but Hunt was already asking how it would be measured, what its frequencies were, whether it should be understood as one form of energy or two.

"Wolff reminded us that energy could be primarily could be understood by its frequencies. I might add its frequencies, its pattern and its organization. That human energies are manifest in frequencies. This is the thing I am dedicated to work on is the frequencies of human energy. It appears to me that there are either two forms of energy human energy that we now know, or there are two aspects of one form of energy: One being primarily electrical, that which is inside the body. The other I don't know whether it's by the process of structural integration they become transducers, whether it's the people of that are chosen to be Ralfords or whether Ida Zapsums. But I'm sure they're transducers and it is a relationship between two people that makes what happens happen. It is in addition to the technique. I think this cannot be duplicated by exercise, by oneself."

Hunt, 1974 Healing Arts series, translating the question of spirit into the vocabulary of frequency and coherence.

Hunt's reframing of the question — not *what is spirit* but *what are the frequencies of human energy* — and her hypothesis that the practitioner functions as a transducer.10

Julian Silverman, the physicist in the group, took yet another angle. For Silverman the issue was thermodynamic: the body is an ensemble of energy-generating organs, the connective tissue is the medium through which their energies couple, and the practice changes the viscosity of that coupling medium so that energy can flow instead of being dissipated. Silverman's formulation did not use the word *spirit* at all, but his physics gave Ida and Hunt a way to talk about the increment in terms that the laboratory could test.

"Does it give us a framework with which to eventually explore the physiochemical basis of these changes? I believe that there is just such a precise objective integration integrating notion that can aptly applied to this problem. It is the concept of energy. In physics, long before the molecular statistical mechanical explanation, the gross properties of matter were described by the laws of thermodynamics. It is one of the most striking testimonies to a parsimony in nature that two simple mathematical formulations were able to describe most of the properties of matter and provide a framework with which to understand these phenomenon on a molecular level. These laws, the first and second of thermodynamics, describe change or flow and ordering of energy respectively. Are these not the very same concepts that one intuitively invokes to describe the process of structural integration? Mainly that the person's structure has become more ordered and that he is more alive, that his energy is more flowing and that he somehow has more of it."

Silverman, 1974 conference, proposing that thermodynamics gives the framework Ida's work needs.

Silverman's argument that the intuitive perceptions of practitioners — more order, more energy, more flow — can be grounded in the laws of thermodynamics.11

The triad — body, mind, and spirit as one

The framing that united Bach, Hunt, and Ida across the 1974 series was the holistic triad: body, mind, and spirit as a single integrated system, not three separable entities. Ida's preferred translation of this framing was structural. *Spirit*, in her hands, was not a third thing added to the body; it was the increment whose addition turned a body that had been a sum of parts into a body that was a whole. She made the move by working backward from the wholeness — observable, measurable, registered in posture and in auric width — to the increment that must have produced it.

"Receptive meaning the energy fields entering and responsive meaning the energy fields being dissipated. I think this makes possible a quality of experience which is open and dynamic. And once it is open, then the mind, the body and the spirit do operate in magnificent symphony. And I think it has to be opened that way. I would even go farther and say that, from my experience and I'm experiencing it right now, I think the opening and this kind of total experiencing someday we will find that it alters the process of mitosis, cell division and rejuvenation. And that'll blow you, blows me. I think it hastens it. I think it makes it more constant."

A practitioner in the 1974 Open Universe Class, describing what the practice opens.

The cleanest statement, from a colleague, of the body-mind-spirit symphony Ida's work aims to make possible.12

Marcus Bach pushed the triad in a more philosophical direction. For him the integration of body, mind, and spirit was a religious project that had been broken apart by the closed universe of post-Reformation Christian doctrine, and that was being put back together in the practices of the 1970s — Ida's work prominently among them. He cited the holistic principle, made famous by Jan Smuts and popularized by Norbert Wiener, that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. It was Bach's lecture on this principle that Ida said gave her *food for meditation* and that produced her formulation of spirit as the increment.

"I'm thinking of wholeness in terms of the holistic idea of putting together the triad of life body, mind and spirit if we can make such a firm differentiation. This is what I should like to do because I must share with you, since I know from listening to the tape of last week's meeting, that these sessions appear to be very informal. And I hope that you will be informal with me too if you have any questions. Well, guess we're going to have a regular question period. And I would like to just share this one additional thing to you, with you in connection with this holistic idea. I have become, for the past two years, rather hung up on the concept of the total health of the total person. It was this, in fact, this view that came out of my nearly thirty years of research. It is this view that persuaded me to investigate, really for the sake of research originally, Rolfing. And I didn't come here to be an apologist for Rolfing or to even make a case for Rolfing when I say that it seemed to me that the more I involved myself in Rolfing as a science, as a skill, as an art, that it led me directly to a goal, one goal at least, one approach to bringing together this fragmented triad with which we and many other people have been living for a long, long time. If what I'm going to say to you tonight may seem to agree basically with what Doctor. Rolf said in her topic of order. This was not necessarily contrived."

Bach, 1974 Open Universe Class, on the holistic triad and his own intellectual journey toward it.

Bach's framing of the holistic project — the triad of body, mind, and spirit — and his attribution of his own conviction to thirty years of research that culminated in his investigation of Structural Integration.13

Spirit as the urge to develop

In her 1976 Boulder advanced class, two years after the Open Universe series and with Bob and the senior practitioners present, Ida returned to the question of spirit but framed it differently. The 1974 formulation had been holistic — spirit as the increment that creates a whole. The 1976 formulation was developmental — spirit as the energy in a human being that *urges him to develop in a certain line*. The shift is subtle but consequential. By 1976 she was thinking about spirit less as a category in a metaphysical inventory and more as a force operating in the evolution of the individual organism, the force that demands the structural changes the practitioner is trying to facilitate.

"But you see, if you see a human being as having something of energy which you can describe as spirit which urges him to develop in a certain line. There's a certain amount of sense And I think most of you will accede to the fact"

Boulder advanced class, 1976, framing spirit as the urge that demands structural development.

Ida's late formulation: spirit as the energy that urges development, with the practitioner's responsibility being to make that development possible in the body.14

The 1976 framing also carries her characteristic suspicion of high-order abstractions. She tells the Boulder class that she would rather operate on what Korzybski called the *silent level* — the level of touch and observation — than ascend into the vocabulary of spirit and virtue, because at the higher levels of abstraction the listener fills in the meaning from whatever is already in their head. *Spirit*, used loosely, becomes whatever the hearer wanted it to mean. Used precisely, in Ida's hands, it names the energy that demands that the function be possible and therefore that the structure be available. The passage that follows shows her tracking the same idea back into the evolutionary biology of the upright posture.

"See, the story has always been told in every medical school and down into the high schools, a lot of other places, that it is the insistence of human beings standing up against gravity that gives them all their troubles. It isn't at all. It is their failure to really reach the position of balance standing up up that gives them them all Because it is possible with a human being to so align him that the gravitational field will not break him down but will support him. Now your job as lawfuls is to study the details as to how you get human beings into this verticality so that gravity is not breaking down. And this is a different point of view from all the troubles that a human being has is due to the fact that he's standing up on two legs instead of walking on four. It's a very different point of view. It's a point of view which is taken into consideration something which we tend to call spiritual. Spiritual goals, spiritual drive, spiritual development, etc. And if you're ruling out this stuff which you can call spirit, you're getting pretty lost in this. It's getting to be a maze. But you see, if you see a human being as having something of energy which you can describe as spirit which urges him to develop in a certain line. There's a certain amount of sense And I think most of you will accede to the fact But be that as it may, whether it is true or not is none of our darn business."

Boulder advanced class, 1976, connecting the verticality of the human body to a spiritual drive.

Ida explicitly links the failure to reach balanced verticality to the failure of a force she is willing to call spiritual.15

The soul, the breath, and the limits of the laboratory

Other voices in the 1974 series went further than Ida was willing to go. Valerie Hunt, in her own remarks, pressed the spirit-vocabulary into territory Ida would not have entered on her own — talking about the soul as the most highly energized conscious unit known in the universe, talking about creativity blossoming when the spiritual field is touched. Ida sat through these talks. She did not endorse them, and she did not reject them. Her stance, here as elsewhere, was to keep the door open to the empirical question while declining to make the metaphysical leap her colleagues were sometimes willing to make.

"a soul and we are spiritual So this is beyond denominations. It is beyond pedagogy. It is beyond any of our specific religious beliefs. It is an experience that we ought to have. It's probably the most powerful identity, your spiritual identity. And how can I become full and rich if I don't have any spiritual experiences? Except as I happen to choose to go to church and I happen in church to have a spiritual experience. Sess says the soul is an entity is the most highly motivated, the most highly energized and the most potent conscious unit known in the universe. As we experience energy fields more we experience the spiritual energy field also. It's impossible to limit it. It contains unlimited potentials. It carries the burden of man's being. It holds personality potentials beyond our comprehension and we don't touch it in schools."

Hunt at the 1974 Open Universe Class, pressing further into the spirit-vocabulary than Ida ever did.

Hunt's more expansive use of *spirit* and *soul* — showing the edge of the discussion that Ida sat alongside but did not personally claim.16

Marcus Bach, similarly, was willing to go places Ida was not. In his lectures he was happy to speak of the soul migrating after death, of the dream-time of the aborigines, of out-of-body experiences and astral flights — territory that Ida's chemistry training made her wary of treating as data. What Bach contributed to her thinking was not the metaphysical claims themselves but the vocabulary in which they were debated and the historical seriousness with which religious traditions had treated the increment. From his historical seriousness she took what she needed: the word *spirit*, used precisely, was a category worth investigating.

"And if I'm going to be a rich and a full personality I have to experience my physical my spiritual me and I have to experience my soul and I have to experience it with other people and I don't experience it by sitting at home and reading something. It's probably the deepest deepest level of our many consciousnesses. It has no time and space. It is timeless. It is sexless. It is racial less and it is infinite. And what do we do with it in education? We don't do anything with it. In fact I think it's one of the things we should demand. Now I'm not talking about prayer in church because prayer I do not think is necessarily spiritual. It is not necessarily a spiritual experience. It is put there for that reason but it becomes a routine exercise. It is not one that I say is necessarily a probably isn't a spiritual experience. I think that I and people who are educated ought to be in touch with the spiritual energies because it is my most vital life source. Why shouldn't we have experiences of this in school? Sun says the soul is something you have. It's not something you have it's something you are. Well if it's something you are why can't we touch it in the public schools? If we do have a soul and we are spiritual So this is beyond denominations. It is beyond pedagogy. It is beyond any of our specific religious beliefs. It is an experience that we ought to have."

Hunt, 1974 Open Universe Class, on spirit as identity rather than possession.

The strongest formulation in the surrounding circle that spirit is not something one has but something one is — the position Ida's own work tested but did not finally endorse.17

The energy ratio and the reversal of entropy

The framework Ida settled into across the 1974 lectures was thermodynamic, and it gave the spirit-vocabulary a physical interpretation she could live with as a chemist. The body, left alone, runs down. Its energy ratio with the gravitational field deteriorates over time; the fascial sheaths thicken, the collagen stiffens, the structure collapses, and the available energy for life-functions decreases. This is entropy. What the practice does, in her telling, is reverse the entropy locally — add energy through pressure, restructure the fascial relationships, raise the ratio of body-energy to gravity-energy, and make the body capable of building up rather than running down. If spirit is the increment that makes a whole greater than its parts, then in her hands spirit is also the energy whose addition reverses the local entropy of the organism.

"Thus, for the word energy to have significance for us here, we must have two members to the system: one, the Newtonian or gravitational energy the other, man consciousness as an energy, for this is the system that you people in this room are interested in and are studying. This is the system whose energy value you hope to enhance, to expand, to increase. Look at it. Energy man, that ratio. Gravitational energy man. This is a system you need to explore if you are looking to increase the energy of the individual man on the earth. This is the energy you need to explore if you are looking to increase the energy, if you are looking to increase negative entropy. In other words, to decrease deterioration. How can you increase the value of this system gravity man? Well, we just oar man gravity, that matter. It's man gravity that basically you are interested in. We've just looked at the energy of the inanimate mass fairly comprehensively. As far as humans are concerned, gravity is a constant, always present, always immense so immense that it's out of our perception, really. We can visualize the energized earth almost as a great big chestnut burr with vertical prickles in all directions, all directed toward the center of the bur, the center of the earth. This is one member of our dyad. The center, this is one member of our dyad. The second member, however, it is which offers us better cheer. It is the second member which can change. It can get greater. It can get lesser. The energy of man, the energy of consciousness as relating to this other energy. For seemingly it is through the second member of the dyad, gravity consciousness, that we may look to alter the ratio, to be able to modify the ratio through the increase of consciousness."

Healing Arts lecture, 1974, on the dyad of gravitational energy and consciousness.

Ida's most precise framing of the energy question: gravity is constant, but the man-consciousness term of the dyad can change, and that is where the reversal of entropy must come from.18

The thermodynamic framing is what allowed Ida to remain a scientist while using a word like *spirit*. She did not have to claim that spirit was a substance or an entity. She had to claim only that there was an increment — measurable indirectly through aura width and electromyographic patterns, inferable directly from the wholeness of the resulting body — whose addition to the system reversed the local entropy. Whether to call that increment *spirit* was a vocabulary question, and one she was willing to leave to Bach and to Hunt to settle. Her commitment was to the increment itself, and to the practice that demonstrably added it.

"Movement behavior changes as the body incorporates more and more order. The first balance of the body is a static stacking, but as the body incorporates more changes, the balance ceases to be a static balance. It becomes a dynamic balance. These are the physical manifestations of the increasing balance, but there is an outgoing psychological change as well toward balance, toward serenity, toward a more whole person. The whole man, the whole person evidences a more apparent, a more potent psychic development. This means that the rate that the ratio man energy to gravity energy energy has changed has increased. The ratio has therefore increased the force available to reverse the entropic deterioration. That is and greater. Our world is no longer running down. It seems capable now of building up."

Healing Arts lecture, 1974, on the addition of energy to fascia and the reversal of entropy.

Ida's most explicit account of how the addition of energy to the fascia changes the ratio of man-energy to gravity-energy and reverses entropy.19

What Ida would not say

It is worth being precise about the limits of Ida's spirit-vocabulary. She did not claim that spirit was an entity. She did not claim it survived the body. She did not claim it was God, or the breath of God, though she sat through Bach's lectures making those equations and did not contradict him. She did not claim her practice was a spiritual practice. What she claimed was narrower and more defensible: that there was an increment, that the increment was at least sometimes called spirit, that the increment registered in measurable changes (aura width, energy ratios, neuromuscular patterning, the contour of the body), and that her work added that increment by adding pressure to fascia. The metaphysical reach of the spirit-vocabulary in her circle came from Bach and Hunt; her own use of the word stayed closer to the laboratory.

"Heider Rolf is a benefactor of both the bodies and spirits of humankind. We stand in her debt, and we honor her creativity and genius. I'm very happy to present to you a great teacher of minds and healer of bodies, Doctor. Ida Rolf."

Bach's introduction of Ida at the 1974 Open Universe Class.

Bach's encapsulation of the full range — bodies and spirits — under which Ida's work was being placed by those around her, even as Ida herself remained careful about the spirit end of the formulation.20

The temperament is consistent with the rest of her late teaching. She was willing to use a vocabulary that her training did not authorize, but she insisted on using it precisely and on holding it open for empirical testing. *Spirit as the intangible increment which in its addition creates a whole* — the formulation is meditative, tentative, offered to a specific audience in response to a specific colleague's lecture. It was not doctrine. It was Ida thinking out loud, in 1974, about what category her work might be operating in, and refusing to settle the question before the evidence had come in.

"And we had this all very nicely figured out until a new age came along and began to ask serious and courageous questions. I don't think we need to, tonight, get into the differentiation between soul and spirit. After all, this is a course on structural, not ecclesiastical integration. And I wouldn't want to have any questions even on a subject quite as theological as this."

Bach in 1974, naming his own decision not to settle the spirit/soul distinction in the Open Universe Class.

Bach's explicit refusal to differentiate spirit and soul in the lecture — a refusal that shaped the conversational space Ida entered when she offered her own formulation.21

Coda: the increment, named carefully

The article Ida did not write would have settled the question. The transcripts she left do not. What they show is a research chemist in her seventies, sharing a platform with a Methodist minister and a parapsychologist and a physicist, willing to use the word *spirit* but unwilling to let the word do more work than the evidence authorized. The formulation she offered — spirit as the intangible increment whose addition creates a whole — is not a definition. It is a hypothesis about a category. The hypothesis was meant to be tested by the measurements her circle was beginning to make, and by the practice she had been teaching for thirty years. The question, in her hands, remained open.

"Then if Roelfing upstates the static thought forms which allows thought as well as body plasticity to take place, as well as structural realignment, there will also be realignment in alteration in not only the conform the the confirmation of the body but in its repair, in its mitosis, in its continual evolution. We know that our bodies change approximately every seven years but have we ever thought that our body changed on every breath? I'm talking about belief systems now. You see, we've held some and we haven't gone any farther. Have we ever thought that atoms and molecules are constantly replacing themselves and being altered? That hormones are in a constant state of emotion and alteration? That electrodynamic and electromagnetic energy changes are occurring constantly which are affecting our body. And yet we try to conceive of the body as static and educated in the same way. And it is not. Our physical senses really tell us very little about our bodies. They tell us that which is on the surface and the outside and that's about all they tell us."

Hunt, 1974 Open Universe Class, on the limitations of laboratory evaluation for what the practice does.

Hunt's acknowledgment that what the practice contributes resists evaluation in conventional laboratories — the methodological problem that Ida's tentative spirit-vocabulary was trying to name.22

What survives, then, is not a doctrine of spirit but an example of how Ida thought. She kept her chemistry. She used Bach's vocabulary when it helped. She trusted Hunt's instruments and waited for them to deliver more. She used the word *spirit* in 1974 because Bach had given her permission and because the holistic argument required some name for the increment. By 1976 she was using the word more confidently and connecting it to the developmental force in the human organism, the urge to verticality. But she never let the word run ahead of the evidence. The formulation she leaves us — *perhaps spirit is that intangible increment which in its addition creates a whole* — is a careful sentence, offered to a specific room on a specific evening, with the *perhaps* doing most of the work.

See also: See also: Marcus Bach, Open Universe Class 1974 (UNI_032) — Bach's full historical lecture on the concept of spirit from Plato through Galen to twentieth-century theology; the lineage Ida absorbed but did not herself walk through in her own remarks. UNI_032 ▸

See also: See also: Valerie Hunt, Open Universe Class 1974 (UNI_073, UNI_102) — Hunt's more expansive deployment of *spirit* and *soul* as energy-field categories, and her account of the validation work at UCLA; useful for readers who want the version of the spirit-vocabulary that Ida sat alongside but did not personally endorse. UNI_073 ▸UNI_102 ▸

See also: See also: Julian Silverman, Healing Arts conference 1974 (RolfB3Side1) — the thermodynamic framing of Structural Integration as energy-flow restoration; the physics that gave Ida the entropy-reversal vocabulary she used in conjunction with the spirit-vocabulary. RolfB3Side1 ▸

See also: See also: Ida Rolf, IPR Conference Tapes (IPRCON1, IPRCON2) — Ida's longer reflections on the energy body and her insistence that the work must be grounded in measurable understanding of what the practice is doing; the methodological commitment that shaped her caution with the spirit-vocabulary. IPRCON1 ▸IPRCON2 ▸

Sources & Audio

Each source row expands to show how the chapter relates to the topic.

1 The Question of Spirit and Energy 1974 · Open Universe Classat 16:47

In this passage from the 1974 Open Universe Class, Ida thanks Marcus Bach for handing her the problem of defining spirit, then offers her own tentative formulation: spirit may be the intangible increment whose addition to a sum of parts creates a whole. She then lays out the options — equate spirit with energy, see it as a tenuous energy obeying different rules than three-dimensional Newtonian energy, or treat it as the special something that has always entered such equations. The passage is Ida thinking out loud, not pronouncing.

2 The Question of Spirit and Energy 1974 · Open Universe Classat 17:27

Included from the production Haiku-cached selection for this topic.

3 Spirit as Breath of Life 1974 · Open Universe Classat 29:33

Marcus Bach, the Methodist minister and comparative-religion scholar who shared the Open Universe Class platform with Ida in 1974, gives the etymological anchor for the discussion: *spirit* from Latin *spiritus*, to breathe. Across all the major religions he has researched, the breath of life is treated as the breath of God. The passage establishes the scholarly ground from which Ida then ventures her own, more cautious formulation.

4 Rolfing and the Life Force 1974 · Open Universe Classat 21:23

Marcus Bach, comparative-religion scholar, tells the 1974 audience that after researching acupuncture, yoga, voodoo, the Australian aboriginal dream-time, Zen, the Ramakrishna order, transcendental meditation, and chiropractic, he believes Structural Integration comes closer than any group he has investigated to recognizing spirit as the life force and to seeking to make it unitive. He stresses that the practice is not a religion, but that its concern with the total person aligns with what his decades of religious research have led him toward.

5 Fascia as the Organ of Structure 1974 · Healing Arts — Rolf Adv 1974at 4:50

In her 1974 Healing Arts lecture, Ida observes that the fascial body has had almost no exploration in the sense she has been giving it. She tells the story of sending a student to the library to answer the question *what is fascia?* — the student spent two days and could not find an answer. The passage establishes that the territory Ida is working in is *terra incognita* and that her claims about energy being added to the fascia are operating in a domain that has no settled vocabulary.

6 The Body as Plastic Medium 1974 · Healing Arts — Rolf Adv 1974at 43:57

Ida defines the material body as a plastic medium and explains that this plasticity is rooted in the collagen molecule, a triple-braided protein whose strands are connected by interchangeable mineral bonds — hydrogen, sodium, calcium. As the body ages, more calcium and less sodium occupy these bonds, stiffening the tissue. The addition of *energy*, which Ida defines unambiguously as the pressure of the practitioner's fingers or elbow, shifts the mineral ratios and restores resilience. The passage is her most explicit equation of practitioner pressure with molecular-level energy addition.

7 Defining Rolfing Structural Integration 1974 · Healing Arts — Rolf Adv 1974at 37:24

Ida tells the 1974 Healing Arts audience that Valerie Hunt's pilot work has measured aura widths of four to five inches in clients who have completed Structural Integration, compared to half-inch to one-inch widths in random incoming people. Ida is explicit that whether this energy is the same as the energy that disobeys the inverse-square law is unknown and cannot be determined in the near future. But what is known, she says, is exciting enough: order can be evoked in the myofascial system by balancing structure around a vertical line, and that ordering changes the energy fields surrounding the body.

8 Psychic Energy and Measurement 1974 · Healing Arts — Rolf Adv 1974at 34:48

Ida reports that Valerie Hunt's instruments and Rosalind Bryer's direct aura readings have independently confirmed each other on the question of aura width. Hunt's electromagnetic measurements and Bryer's direct readings both register auras expanding from a half-inch baseline to four or five inches after the ten-session series. Ida frames this as an obvious basic energy phenomenon of life. She explicitly leaves open whether this is the same energy that disobeys the inverse-square law — the energy she elsewhere associates with spirit.

9 Defining Spirit and Charisma 1974 · Open Universe Classat 0:00

Marcus Bach traces the concept of spirit from Plato (who placed spirit between visceral organs and mind) through Galen (who postulated a triad of natural, vital, and neurological aspects) to a twentieth-century theologian named Thayer, who said *when I speak of spirit, I am speaking of spiritual energy*. Bach proposes that this formulation — spirit as spiritual energy — is the one closest to what Structural Integration is actually working with, and that it gives both Ida's work and his own religious research a common term.

10 Conclusions on Entropy and Coherent Energy 1974 · Healing Arts — Rolf Adv 1974at 37:54

Valerie Hunt tells the 1974 audience that human energies are manifest in frequencies, and that this is what she is dedicated to working on — the frequencies, patterns, and organization of human energy. She suggests there may be two forms of human energy, or two aspects of one form: one primarily electrical and internal, the other a different kind of field. She also hypothesizes that practitioners function as transducers — that the relationship between two people, not just the technique, is what makes change happen.

11 Quadratus Lumborum and Twelfth Rib various · RolfB3 — Public Tapeat 26:27

Julian Silverman argues that the intuitive perceptions practitioners report about Structural Integration — that the person's structure has become more ordered, that they are more alive, that their energy is more flowing and that they somehow have more of it — map directly onto the first and second laws of thermodynamics, which describe flow and ordering of energy. He proposes that these intuitive perceptions can be grounded in a mathematical formulation that not only describes the phenomenon but provides a framework for understanding it on a molecular level.

12 Connective Tissue and Energy Fields 1974 · Open Universe Classat 2:40

Don Johnson tells the 1974 Open Universe Class that by reorganizing and freeing the body in its primary receptive and responsive modes, the practice opens the connective tissue as the interface between human energy fields and other parts of the cosmos. Once this opening occurs, he says, the mind, body, and spirit operate in magnificent symphony. The passage shows the practitioner's-eye view of the triad — not three things added together but one symphony made possible by structural opening.

13 Wholeness and Holistic Concept 1974 · Open Universe Classat 13:31

Marcus Bach tells the 1974 audience that he is thinking of wholeness in terms of the triad of body, mind, and spirit, and that this view emerged from thirty years of his own research across religious traditions. He says it was this view that persuaded him to investigate Structural Integration, and that the more he involved himself in the practice the more clearly it pointed toward bringing together the fragmented triad. He frames his lecture as a contribution toward defining spirit, not as an apologetic for the practice.

14 Spiritual Dimension of Structure 1976 · Rolf Advanced Class 1976at 12:20

In her 1976 Boulder advanced class, Ida tells students that if you see a human being as having something of energy which you can describe as spirit which urges him to develop in a certain line, there is a certain amount of sense in it. She then warns against getting lost in higher-order abstractions about spirit and virtue, preferring what she calls the silent level. The work of the practitioner, she insists, is to take this stuff that was sitting on each chair and make it more effective. Structure evolves because of the demand of function, and that demand, she suggests, is what spirit names.

15 Horizontalizing the Pelvis 1976 · Rolf Advanced Class 1976at 9:55

In the 1976 Boulder class, Ida argues against the medical-school story that human troubles arise from standing upright against gravity. The trouble, she says, is not standing up but failing to reach balanced verticality. The point of view that recognizes this is one that takes into consideration something we tend to call spiritual — spiritual goals, spiritual drive, spiritual development. If you rule out this stuff which you can call spirit, she warns, you are getting pretty lost. The passage shows her late integration of the spirit-vocabulary into the evolutionary-biological story of the upright body.

16 Rolfing and Body Plasticity 1974 · Open Universe Classat 0:00

Valerie Hunt tells the 1974 audience that as we experience energy fields more we experience the spiritual energy field also, and that the soul is the most highly motivated, the most highly energized and the most potent conscious unit known in the universe. She frames spirituality as an open system, a powerhouse of creativity, and argues that experiencing it requires switching off the five senses. The passage shows the more expansive reach of the spirit-vocabulary in Ida's circle — a reach Ida herself remained cautious about.

17 Spiritual Education 1974 · Open Universe Classat 23:01

Valerie Hunt argues that the spirit and soul lie within the person rather than being external things to be learned about. She frames the soul not as something one has but as something one is, and argues that this is beyond denominations, beyond pedagogy, beyond specific religious beliefs. She tells the audience that they cannot become full and rich personalities without spiritual experience, and that this is the deepest of the many levels of consciousness — timeless, sexless, raceless, infinite.

18 Life, Consciousness, and the Dyad 1974 · Healing Arts — Rolf Adv 1974at 26:00

In her 1974 Healing Arts lecture, Ida frames the question of life-energy as a dyad: gravitational energy on one side, man-consciousness on the other. Gravity is constant — always present, always immense, beyond our perception. The second term of the dyad, however, can change. It can get greater or lesser. Through the second member, gravity-consciousness, the ratio can be modified by the increase of consciousness. This, she says, is the energy that must be explored if we are looking to decrease entropic deterioration — to reverse the running-down of the organism.

19 Balancing the Body in Gravity 1974 · Healing Arts — Rolf Adv 1974at 6:34

Ida explains in the 1974 Healing Arts lecture that as the body incorporates more order, the static balance becomes a dynamic balance. The whole person evidences a more potent psychic development. This means the ratio of man-energy to gravity-energy has increased, and that increase reverses entropic deterioration. The world of the body is no longer running down; it is capable of building up. She closes by asking whether this is the work of *that other energy* — the one that does not obey the inverse-square law — the energy she has elsewhere associated with spirit.

20 Introduction of Dr. Ida Rolf 1974 · Structure Lectures — Rolf Adv 1974at 1:53

Marcus Bach introduces Ida to the 1974 Open Universe Class audience as a benefactor of both the bodies and spirits of humankind. The encapsulation captures the framing her circle placed on her work — that it operated on body and spirit alike — even though Ida herself was more cautious than Bach about claiming the spirit end of the formulation directly. The introduction sets up the dialogue in which Ida would, that same evening and the following week, give her own more measured formulation.

21 Defining Spirit and Charisma 1974 · Open Universe Classat 3:17

Marcus Bach tells the 1974 audience that he does not think it necessary to differentiate between soul and spirit that evening, since the course is on structural rather than ecclesiastical integration. The deferral is significant: Bach declines to settle the religious vocabulary, leaving the door open for Ida to use *spirit* without first committing to a metaphysics of soul. The passage shows the dialogic care with which Bach and Ida shared the platform — each making space for the other's caution.

22 Rolfing and Body Plasticity 1974 · Open Universe Classat 1:04

Valerie Hunt tells the 1974 audience that the contribution Structural Integration makes through the channel of thought, emotion, and bodily interpretation is not easily evaluated in conventional laboratories. She argues that it produces a more permanent change than track-and-field education, that it allows continual evolution of the body, and that it operates through belief systems as well as fascial planes. The passage captures the methodological problem that Ida's spirit-vocabulary was, at its most disciplined, attempting to name.

Educational archive of Dr. Ida P. Rolf's recorded teaching, 1966–1976. "Rolfing®" / "Rolfer®" are trademarks of the DIRI; independently maintained by Joel Gheiler, not affiliated with the DIRI.