This page presents the recorded teaching of Dr. Ida P. Rolf (1896–1979), founder of Structural Integration, in her own words. "Rolfing®" and "Rolfer®" are registered trademarks of the Dr. Ida Rolf Institute. This archive is independently maintained for educational purposes and is not affiliated with the Dr. Ida Rolf Institute.

Ida Rolf in Her Own Words · Topics

Ida Rolf on American thought as tantric

Ida Rolf claimed that the philosophical assumptions her American students took for granted in 1974 were tantric philosophy in translation. The claim is startling on its surface — a research chemist trained at Barnard and the Rockefeller Institute, asserting that the mental furniture of post-Victorian American life had been delivered through a subterranean current of Indian metaphysics. But she meant it literally, and she traced the channel: through Pierre Bernard, the Irish-American tantric teacher she had visited in Nyack, New York in the late 1930s, and through the broader cycle of ideas that, in her view, had displaced the Victorian inheritance of her childhood. The claim sits at the intersection of several threads in her teaching — her insistence that mind and body are one, her resistance to the Western metaphysical dichotomy of body and spirit, her interest in subtle anatomies and energy bodies, and her sense that ideas move through cultures on their own timetable. This article gathers her statements on tantric transmission alongside the colleague voices — Rev. Forbes Robertson, Valerie Hunt — who pressed her to articulate what she meant.

The 1974 conversation in which the claim surfaces

The claim emerges in a recorded interview from the 1974 Structure Lectures series, an advanced class setting in which Ida is being interviewed about her intellectual genealogy. The interviewer is walking her backward through her formative influences, and she has just named Pierre Bernard, the American tantric teacher whose yoga center in Nyack, New York she had visited weekly in the late 1930s. Bernard was a singular figure — born to an Irish-American family, trained as a tantric, and, in Ida's telling, responsible for bringing into American intellectual life a set of ideas that had previously been foreign to it. The interviewer presses her on whether the philosophy Bernard taught bears any relation to the ideas now circulating in 1970s American counterculture. Her answer is unambiguous, and it is the central claim of this article.

"There's no question about that. Or so many of our modern ideas are pure and unadulterated tantric philosophy translating translated into modern American life. There's no question about that."

From the 1974 Structure Lectures interview, responding to whether tantric philosophy underlies modern American thought:

This is the central thesis sentence — Ida stating outright that what Americans now think of as their own philosophy is tantric content in translated form.1

The interviewer presses for specifics. What ideas, exactly? Ida's reply is itself revealing — she does not name doctrines or texts; she points to the listener's own intellectual furniture and asks him to compare it against the Victorian inheritance of his grandparents. The implicit argument is that the gap between 1974 American thought and 1890 American thought is so vast, so total, that it cannot be accounted for by ordinary intellectual progress. Something else delivered the new ideas, and she names that something.

"Well, look at your own ideas. Do they relate in any way to the Victorian ideas of your forebears? I mean, literally, this was I think it was the tantric teaching working at a subconscious level really rather than a conscious outward manifestation of teaching that changed these Victorian ideas."

She pushes the interviewer to test the claim against his own thinking:

Ida's method of argument: not citation but introspection. She asks the interviewer to notice the structural difference between his ideas and his forebears', and proposes tantric transmission at the subconscious level as the cause.2

Pierre Bernard and the channel of transmission

To understand why Ida considered the tantric connection literal rather than metaphorical, the figure of Pierre Bernard matters. Bernard was not a metaphor for Eastern influence — he was an actual American man, of Irish parentage, who had been raised in the tantric tradition and who established yoga centers first in San Francisco and then on the East Coast. By the late 1930s, when Ida encountered him, he was running a center in Nyack, north of New York City, and she became a regular visitor. The detail matters because it locates the claim in a specific room with a specific teacher, not in an abstract cultural diffusion. Ida is reporting transmission she witnessed.

"worked, and this was in the late thirties. I worked with I used to visit a weekly yoga group that worked up in Nyack, New York. It might be that some of you would have known that group. It was under Pierre Bernard. Bernard, yeah. And Bernard was doing a very great work because he was bringing in, though he didn't know it, he was bringing in the modern the thoughts which all of you acknowledge as your present day philosophies, which were relatively unknown at that time. Now Bernard was a tantric trained yoga teacher. He was an American, an American of Irish parentage, but I presume he had been I imagine his family probably had been Tantriks. At any rate, he was brought up as a Tantric, and when he got to adulthood he became a teacher of the Tantric philosophy and in those days pioneered yog teaching here in The United States. He started out in San Francisco and worked his way east, and by the time I contacted him, he had a center up in Mayak, New York. Is there is there any relationship between the philosophy of tantra and some of the ideas and Oh, don't think there's any doubt about that."

She describes the encounter with Bernard in the late 1930s:

The biographical scene that grounds the tantric claim — Ida names the teacher, the location, and the era, and asserts that Bernard pioneered yoga teaching in the United States.3

The biographical specificity matters for another reason. When Ida says American thought is tantric philosophy translated, she is not making an academic claim about cultural diffusion — she is reporting what she watched happen. She sat in Bernard's room and saw what was being taught; she then lived through forty more years of American intellectual life and watched the same ideas surface elsewhere, untraceable to their origin. Her conviction that the ideas had moved at a subconscious level is grounded in her having been in the room when they first arrived.

See also: See also: Ida Rolf's broader autobiographical reflections on the multiple intellectual currents that shaped her — Barnard, Rockefeller, Schrödinger's lectures in Zurich, organic chemistry — appear in the same Structure Lectures sequence (STRUC1, 1974) as the Bernard passage. STRUC1 ▸

The cycle theory: ideas move when their time comes

Ida did not present Bernard as an isolated cause. She believed cultural change happens on its own timetable, and that teachers like Bernard are operators rather than originators. When the interviewer asks whether Bernard was directly responsible for the shift in American attitudes, she pulls back and offers a more impersonal account — Bernard happened to be the person available when the cycle turned. This framing matters because it positions her tantric claim within a larger historiographic stance: ideas have lives of their own; they surface when the culture is ready; the named teacher is the channel, not the source.

"Mean directly or No. I know the time cycle had come. I'm sorry to be so apparently mystical, but this is as I see it that there are cycles in the affairs of men, and when those the time comes for that change, it changes. Then he Somebody is found to do the changing. But he doesn't isn't raised he's really only the the operator through which it happens."

Pressed on whether the change happened directly through Bernard, she offers a cyclical view of how ideas move:

Ida's historiographic framing — she sees cultural change as cyclical, with named figures serving as the operators through which the time-ripe shift occurs.4

The cycle theory has consequences for how the tantric claim should be read. Ida is not arguing that Americans in 1974 are knowing inheritors of Bernard's teaching. She is arguing that the ideas Bernard carried have entered the cultural water table and now surface in mouths and minds that have never heard his name. This is what she means by working at a subconscious level. The transmission is complete; the source is invisible to the recipient. Forty years after the Nyack visits, the philosophy is everywhere, and almost no one knows where it came from.

Mind and body as one: the tantric idea Western medicine could not produce

When Ida is pressed to name a specific tantric idea that has become American common sense, she lands on the most consequential one for her own work — the unity of mind and body. The framing is precise: she does not say Western medicine has slowly arrived at this idea on its own. She says the idea did not come from Western European medicine at all. It came from tantra, and its arrival in American life is a tantric arrival, however unmarked. The claim is significant because it places the entire premise of Structural Integration — that working on the body works on the person — inside a tantric lineage rather than a Western medical one. The work she developed is, on her own telling, downstream of the philosophical shift Bernard helped initiate.

"Yes, the idea whole idea that mind and body are one was basically a tantric idea, not a it did not come from our Western European medicine. Not at all. Not at all?"

On the central tantric idea that entered American life:

Ida names the specific doctrine — mind and body as one — and states flatly that Western European medicine did not produce it. This is the philosophical foundation of her own work, and she credits its source to tantra.5

The implication runs through every later session of her teaching. When she insists in the Open Universe classes that the body is an energy field, that fascial change brings psychological change, that the practitioner is affecting consciousness through tissue, she is operating from premises she considered tantric in origin. Western medicine, for Ida, had developed a chemical school of healing in the past hundred and twenty-five years that worked through molecules and pharmacology; the alternative she developed worked through structure and energy, and its philosophical foundation was the unity of mind and body that Bernard had carried into the United States from the tantric tradition.

"Is a very basic consideration which I just offered you. It is the basic consideration that makes all manipulative techniques something to be considered. You see, our dominant school of healing is not manipulation, as you all know. It's medicine. It works through chemistry. And the reason this is so is because the chemical school of healing came to its own about one hundred and twenty five years ago. I'm not going into this at this moment, but I will discuss it at some later date with you people. The chemical school came in and everybody was so enamored of it that it spread out in all kinds of directions. The mechanical school of healing that I'm talking about, the structural school went out at that time."

From the 1973 Big Sur advanced class, she gives the historical frame in which the mind-body unity claim has consequences:

Ida narrates the displacement of the structural school of healing by the chemical school about 125 years ago — context that explains why the reintroduction of mind-body unity through tantric channels mattered.6

Energy bodies and the finer body: tantric anatomy in the classroom

If the unity of mind and body is the most consequential tantric idea for Ida's work, the concept of subtle or finer bodies is the most visible. In her later advanced classes she becomes increasingly explicit about working with energy fields that are not reducible to the physical body — what she sometimes calls the causal body, what occultists call the finer body, what tantric anatomy calls the subtle body. She is careful in these passages, often apologizing for sounding mystical, but she holds the position. The work she developed is not just rearranging tissue; it is reorganizing the relationship between physical and finer bodies. This is tantric anatomy in the classroom, even when she avoids the word.

"I think there are more flows in a body than the fluid circulatory flows that run-in blood vessels and seep through membranes. I mean, the kind of flow that we recognize. I think there is a flow of energy field. I think think this is what we're demonstrating. And don't ever let me catch you saying this, Mac. I'm not very likely. But I think that maybe these occultists know what they're talking about when they talk about a finer body. And that that finer body is the body which determines and supplies, energizes the material body. Now when you come right down to it, this is the fundamental premise on which psychology is based, metaphysics is based, all of these far out notions as to what you can do with thinking and with speech and with so forth is saying there is a finer body. Doesn't have to be a formulated body, but, yes, it does have to be a formulated body. And it is saying that in your appropriate thinking, you can influence that finer body. And that that finer body is the cause is a causal body for the coarser body. Not the coarser body for the finer body. Now this is the premise on which modern psychology is based, really. It's also a whole Chinese idea. Oh, it goes back for thousands of years. All all metaphysical techniques, and all metaphysical techniques go way back to before Christ. There isn't any of that doesn't have its roots in BC."

In a 1970s public tape session on the seventh hour and the autonomic nervous system, she pivots to the question of finer bodies:

Ida explicitly invokes the occultist tradition of a finer body that energizes the material body, then traces the idea back to before Christ and to the whole Chinese conception — a direct invocation of the metaphysical anatomy she elsewhere calls tantric.7

The careful framing here — she tells the student not to repeat the claim outside the room — registers her awareness that the tantric vocabulary remained, in 1970s American professional culture, still suspect. Yet she taught from it. The auras, the energy fields, the subtle body work that colleagues like Valerie Hunt began to measure in the UCLA lab were not departures from her doctrine; they were the visible edge of a metaphysical framework she considered foundational. When she says American thought is tantric philosophy translated, the energy-body teaching is one of the translations she has in mind.

"And what I believe is that the dynamic energy fields are received through possibly the acupuncture spots, which exist all over the body. There are many many many thousands hundreds. The great web of connective tissue which supports us which causes our confirmation which causes the very nature of our functioning which separates tissue from tissue which differentiates us in all senses, which is the most extensive tissue we have in the body, is the weigh in of the energy fields. Rolfing by reorganizing and freeing the body in its primary and most basic receptive and responsive modes. Receptive meaning the energy fields entering and responsive meaning the energy fields being dissipated. I think this makes possible a quality of experience which is open and dynamic. And once it is open, then the mind, the body and the spirit do operate in magnificent symphony. And I think it has to be opened that way."

From a 1974 Open Universe class, on connective tissue as the interface with cosmic energy fields:

This is the structural integration doctrine cast in explicitly tantric anatomical terms — the body as an energy receiver, the fascia as the web through which cosmic fields enter and dissipate.8

Forbes Robertson on the macrocosm and the microcosm

Ida's tantric framework was not held in isolation. The Open Universe class in 1974 included several colleagues whose own teaching carried tantric or tantric-adjacent material — most prominently Rev. J. Forbes Robertson, a minister with deep experience in Indian religious traditions who had studied with Schweitzer, lived with Ramakrishna monks, taken transcendental meditation in Delhi, and visited Sojiji Temple in Japan. Robertson's contribution to the class is significant because he names explicitly what Ida tends to gesture toward — that her work approaches the integration of microcosm and macrocosm that he had been pursuing through religious study.

"But I had the feeling, and I say this to you in all sincerity, and I wouldn't be here tonight if I didn't feel that way. I have the feeling that Rothen comes closer to recognizing spirit as the life force and to seeking to make it unitive more than any group that I have investigated or interested myself in. The others still put life into happy categories or unhappy categories. The medical profession, generally, The colleges, generally. The church, generally. Happily, happily into categories. Now Rolfing isn't a religion, but I had this feeling that Rolfing came so close that I wanted to I was thrilled when doctor Ida told me she said, you know, she used this phrase, and I've been using it for years, we've never discussed it. She said, I want to have more to say about the total person, the total person. That really, you know, hit me because that's what I was interested in. I want to tell you something. When I saw the film in that beautiful theater over there when I saw the film and when I heard the phrase, Gravity is the therapist, then I began to see how in my work, my relationship with a basic idea, which I will now state as follows. The microcosm man must be structurally integrate integrated to the macrocosm, the universe, or the cosmos. This is something that I had the feeling was coming through to me in the exercises, which I myself had been developing. I'm not a great yoga adept."

Robertson, addressing the 1974 Open Universe class, names the spiritual claim he had been waiting to find in a structural practice:

Robertson articulates the macrocosm-microcosm framework — a classical tantric and yogic formulation — and locates Ida's work inside it. He is making explicit the lineage Ida tends to leave implicit.9

Robertson's framework gives the article's question its sharpest version. He has spent thirty years investigating religions and somatic practices around the world, and he locates Ida's Structural Integration not as a Western therapy that happens to use Eastern vocabulary, but as the practical instantiation of a microcosm-macrocosm doctrine he traces through yoga and through Indian metaphysical traditions. The structural alignment Ida produces is, in his reading, the bringing of the human body into correspondence with the cosmic order — which is itself a tantric formulation. Ida did not contest this framing; she shared the platform with him.

"the macrocosm, the universe, or the cosmos. This is something that I had the feeling was coming through to me in the exercises, which I myself had been developing. I'm not a great yoga adept. I did, however must say in defense of this, I did, however I was the one who introduced Swami Vishnu Devananda to America, probably as the best book on yoga, you know, the complete book of yoga, for which I wrote the preface, incidentally. But I'm not a great yogi, nor am I an acupuncturist or any of these in these areas, nor am I a romper. But I'm just saying that I went away from that movie or that film with very much the same feeling that I went away from my romping sessions. I don't mean with the agony, as doctor Hunt so beautifully said, but with the ecstasy, which I'm also very happy, she said. I went away with that kind of ecstatical feeling because I wanna excuse me. I wanna tell you something. I have a friend who has had some offing treatments, and he's over in Hawaii. And he calls me up every once in a while because we're very interested together in a in a physical health program dealing with the total health of the total person."

Robertson continues, drawing on his own Indian experience to characterize his post-session state:

Robertson's description of the ecstatic, lifted quality of the post-session body is recognizable as a description of the subtle-body openings that tantric and yogic practices target — the experience cast in plain American language.10

The Western tradition and what tantra came to displace

To grasp why Ida considered the tantric shift consequential, the Western alternative she saw it displacing has to be specified. Robertson, in the same Open Universe sequence, traces the Western philosophical lineage of mind-body dualism through Plato, Galen, and the Christian inheritance, and identifies the dichotomy that the tantric arrival was, in Ida's reading, beginning to repair. His narration is sympathetic — he is a Christian minister — but unsparing about the cost of the Western inheritance.

"So if we can begin there and say that there was a time when an individual or individuals, even before the time of recorded religions or recorded history, began to think in terms of a dual personality, a double personality, an atomic self, a transcendent self, a spirit self. Then I think we arrive at a very interesting point immediately. And that point is that the concept or a concept of duality arose. Now this is fascinating, at least to me, because I think this concept of the conflict of good and evil in our lives, which many people feel has a Zoroastrian beginning, so far as the known religions, the living religions of the world are concerned. It may go back, and does I'm sure much further than that. And it is quite well accepted that the Aristotelian idea of duality has dominated Christendom. Though the Catholic would be the last to admit this, and Saint Augustine and others sought to defend themselves against such an accusation. But it does seem to run through life, and the people that you are working with as patients, and the audiences and the people that I work with on college campuses and in various religious groups, there does seem to be a deep seated idea of something that has to do with original sin, which creates a dichotomy and something almost schizoid. Someone once said to me, Do you believe in original sin? And I said, I believe in it only where it's lived up to."

Robertson narrates the Western philosophical heritage of dualism that tantric thought, in their shared view, was beginning to undo:

Robertson identifies the dualism inherited from Aristotle and woven through Christianity as the framework Western medicine and Western religion built on — the framework that the tantric arrival, in Ida's account, has begun to displace.11

The displacement Robertson describes is the same displacement Ida sees as the substance of her tantric claim. Modern American thought — in its assumption that mind and body interact, that emotional and physical states are continuous, that working on one affects the other — is operating on premises the Aristotelian-Christian inheritance would not have supplied. Some other tradition supplied them. Ida's answer is tantra. Robertson's parallel work in religion has led him to the same conclusion, and his presence in her classroom is one of the ways she articulates and validates the claim publicly.

"a metaphysician such as Plato. Then came a great physician by the name of Galen, who dominated medical history for about fifteen hundred years with his humoral concept. He postulated, or he tried to feel that the triad in man, the soul or the spirit, that this was composed of what he called natural, vital, and neurological. And he followed the triad this way in an attempt to come to what the heart of life in the individual might be. So you could go from that point, from the concept of Plato to the concept of a physician, Clarissimus Galen, to of our time, if we may take a big step for the because of the limitation of time. And come to Thayer, who said, when I speak of spirit, I am speaking of spiritual energy. Now, this, I think, brings us closer to the heart of spirit as I at least am trying to view him or it tonight. A spiritual energy. If it is possible that this spiritual energy is so important as the that it will cause the integration of the triad, then this is something that we can well consider and we can well perhaps work with."

Robertson traces the Western concept of spirit from Plato through Galen to the modern formulation of spiritual energy:

The genealogy of the Western concept of spirit — Plato, Galen, the humoral triad — is the lineage that Ida's tantric claim positions itself against. Robertson narrates it sympathetically before naming where the modern shift begins.12

The Eastern wave: acupuncture, yoga, karate in 1970s America

Ida's claim about subterranean tantric influence was issued in the same years that explicit Eastern influence had become impossible to miss. Robertson reports driving down Hollywood and Sunset on his way to the 1974 class and passing three lit karate locations filled with white-clad Westerners. The transcendental meditation movement was filling lecture halls at UCLA and Santa Barbara. Acupuncture, which he had taken in Taiwan a decade earlier, was now everywhere. The visible Eastern wave is what Ida considered the surface manifestation of a deeper transmission that had been working underground for forty years.

"Now I mention that again because relevant to our time, you and I are eyewitnesses to something fantastic that probably for the first time we are going to change our collective consciousness and our individual attitude, and that may have to come first, toward this duality and begin to look on life as monistic. And the reason this may happen now, and I believe is happening now, is because of the opening of the doors in the aureate. That now we are feeling Eastern influence on Western thought, almost with a vengeance. And I drove down here tonight. I passed on Hollywood and then got over onto sunset. I passed three karate locations, lighted, filled with beautifully white dressed Westerners, mostly, interesting themselves in the martial arts. I myself became very interested, as many of you did, in tai chi. I became almost hung up on that as I did about fifteen or twenty years ago in my early research in the field of yoga in India. And I don't want to hold myself up as a seer or a prognosticator, But I had the feeling twenty years ago that if yoga would ever be introduced into the Western world, it would become not only popular but meaningful. I had the same thing when Doctor. Hunt mentioned acupuncture. I was the first person, I think if I say this without appearing rash, who wrote about acupuncture having taken acupuncture treatments about ten years ago in Taiwan from Doctor. Wu Weiping, who was at that time president of the International Society of Acupuncturists. Bach, who's a photographer, goes along on our trips in that capacity and in the capacity of companion, of course."

Robertson describes the explicit Eastern arrival he is watching unfold in 1974 America:

Robertson narrates the visible wave — karate, yoga, transcendental meditation, acupuncture — that Ida considered the surface evidence of a longer subterranean tantric current.13

The temporal layering is important to Ida's claim. The visible Eastern arrival of the 1960s and 1970s — karate, yoga, TM, acupuncture — is not, in her reading, the beginning of the influence. It is the moment when an influence that has already been working subconsciously for decades finally becomes explicit. Bernard had been teaching in Nyack in the late 1930s; the philosophical shift had already happened by the time American students started showing up in saris at Indian ashrams. Ida's claim is that the underlying conversion preceded the visible one.

Ida's resistance: the Western body, the Eastern body, and the risk of escape

Ida's tantric claim is sometimes read as enthusiastic endorsement. The transcripts complicate this. In a 1975 Boulder advanced class she registers explicit ambivalence about the Eastern arrival — specifically about what she considers its tendency, in American hands, to produce escape rather than embodiment. The mind-body unity she credits to tantra is, in her view, the right correction; but the broader Eastern import she sees in 1975 American culture is producing the wrong kind of body, one that has lifted away from the ground rather than landed on it. The position is characteristically Ida — she will credit the philosophical source while remaining critical of its current application.

"One of the things that that I've been about recently is more and more in the last years understanding myself that I am a westerner, that my roots are in the Hebraic Christian tradition, that I am not an easterner, I am not. I do not come from that metaphysical tradition. Furthermore, I don't like it, basically. This rising above history and rising above time and effort to Well, actually, want to. It's just plain escape. Well, that's what I think. Called in the West. That's what I think. But but one of the things that's happening is that this is coming into the West as if we're the answer to our problems. Yes. I know. And Just as the body comes in as though it's an answer to the Western body, all it does is take it and make it closer to the ground in terms of all the Eastern disciplines. I think he's talking about it. And which Well, in the sense that You might mention tomorrow that we have been making pictures, slides, showing bodies going through yoga make vivid our need for money for such a thing and to study a cerebral palsy. Somewhere, there should be a nice old lady who has money and who wants The answer to that question is really subtle."

In the 1975 Boulder advanced class, she names her ambivalence about the Eastern import:

Ida's qualifying voice — she identifies her own roots as Western and Hebraic-Christian, and registers that the Eastern import, as currently practiced in America, often serves as escape from history rather than integration with it.14

The distinction Ida is drawing is sharp. The tantric philosophy of mind-body unity is, in her account, the source of modern American thought's most valuable correction to Western dualism. But the broader cultural import of Eastern practice, as she watches it unfold in 1975, is producing a different effect — students avoiding anger, denying the body's groundedness, lifting out of history rather than into it. Her commitment is to the philosophical content, not to the cultural package, and she wants her practitioners to understand the difference. Structural Integration, for her, takes the tantric philosophical premise — mind and body are one — and applies it to a Western body that needs to be brought further into earth, not lifted away from it.

"I have this written in my diary, I'm pretty sure it's after the seventh hour, overall think maybe a month afterwards. I woke up in the middle of the night, and my body was completely awash in the kind of thing that I only experienced once way back with acid in which there was sensation, there was symphesthesia, there were images. It was like smelling colors and the whole thing. I understood them the first time about what the mystics were talking about when they were talking about essentially a bodily experience. These were not out of the body experiences. The mystical experiences were precisely in the body. And to me, the thing that came out of that experience was the realization that at some level, when you change the structure of the body so that you have flow where there is more sensation, you are also increasing a kind of imagery in the body. That the more the body feels, the more you begin to think actually with the body. And that I would have the experience and I remember another time, Rolfing, of of sensation entering into an area, and there were images riding on that sensation. And you see, you're getting into a multidimensional universe, more and more multidimensional. Basically, our body is a three-dimensional reality. And when you get a two dimensional reality, it doesn't seem real. It doesn't seem significant to us because or it has no meaning to it."

In a 1975 Boulder session, she reports a post-session experience that confirms the mystical claim from the inside:

Ida describes a synesthetic, image-laden bodily experience after a session and uses it to reframe what mystics meant — they were describing bodily events, not out-of-body departures. The framing is tantric in substance even when she avoids the word.15

Body as energy field: the doctrine in its mature form

By 1974 Ida was teaching the doctrine of mind-body unity in its mature form, and the vocabulary she used was unmistakably continuous with the tantric anatomy she elsewhere credited as its source. The body is an energy field; consciousness can be expanded; the five senses are limiting rather than definitive; the practitioner is working not just on tissue but on the levels of awareness available to the person being worked on. Valerie Hunt, the UCLA neurophysiologist who collaborated with Ida on instrumented studies, articulated the doctrine in language that bridged laboratory and tantric vocabularies.

"We know that our bodies change approximately every seven years but have we ever thought that our body changed on every breath? I'm talking about belief systems now. You see, we've held some and we haven't gone any farther. Have we ever thought that atoms and molecules are constantly replacing themselves and being altered? That hormones are in a constant state of emotion and alteration? That electrodynamic and electromagnetic energy changes are occurring constantly which are affecting our body. And yet we try to conceive of the body as static and educated in the same way. And it is not. Our physical senses really tell us very little about our bodies. They tell us that which is on the surface and the outside and that's about all they tell us. And actually we have the capacity we don't have it now, we weren't educated that way. We have the capacity and we have other levels of consciousness to know and experience molecular action inside the body and to know all about it. If we talk about an educated physical body what are we talking about? Are we talking about knowing what is happening in this body, being aware of it, knowing that thought influences not only how it appears and how it looks but its health. In order to experience this level of consciousness and molecular action we have to limit and minimize body ego and body image. We do not reach that level of consciousness in the level of reality which we're commonly working. We have to open this in order to have that capacity to educate ourselves physically. Giving energy, releasing energy is help, a constant flow of it. And when we have so much individuality, so much rigidity of ego, so much rigidity of body image, we do not have ebb and flow of energies. We have a block in energies, a stiffening and a blocking."

Hunt addresses the 1974 Open Universe class on the levels of consciousness available to a body educated through the work:

Hunt articulates the mature doctrine — body in constant change, multiple levels of consciousness available, the physical senses limiting rather than definitive. The framework is laboratory-compatible, but its assumptions are tantric.16

The line from Bernard's Nyack center in 1938 to Hunt's UCLA laboratory in 1974 is, in Ida's telling, continuous. The tantric philosophical premise — mind and body as one, body as energy field, consciousness as differentiated layers — has been translated through forty years of American intellectual development and has emerged in scientific dress, ready to be measured by EMG and EEG. The vocabulary has changed; the underlying anatomy has not. When Ida says American thought is tantric philosophy translated, what Hunt is teaching in 1974 is the translation.

"It is not. It is real. We didn't learn much about our psyche because we thought it was out there and not in here. And every time we had an experience with a level of our psyche that we couldn't really quite understand based upon the five senses it was out there not in here. It wasn't mine. It was unreal. Although we had dreams and we had awarenesses that we couldn't really attribute to the five senses, we didn't believe them or we treated them as though this were a mystery book and this was all fun and games but it wasn't for real. You know what I'm talking about. Wasn't really for real. Short, we only touched a small aspect of our mental consciousness and certainly not the deeper non body, non ordering, non reality part. The Sonorian Indians in Malaysia I have been interested in for a long time. This is a group of people I don't advocate that we spend all of our time doing this that spend a great percentage of their time dreaming and analyzing their dreams. And what they do is every day the whole family shares with each other what they drink the night before and everybody works out everybody's problem about what this meant in terms of dreaming. In Malaysia, Sannai Indians. And they have no crime. They have no psychopathology. They have none of it. In fact, their disease rate is very low based upon they have some diseases of course but their debilitating type of malfunction that we get based upon high levels of tension also doesn't exist. We have not touched the deeper level. The newer concepts are that we cannot trust the reality of our five senses. That's the opposite way of looking at it."

Hunt names the limits of the inherited Western psychological framework and points beyond it:

Hunt explicitly identifies the inherited Western five-senses framework as inadequate and points to the psychic system — beyond time and space — as the territory the work is opening. The framework is recognizably tantric.17

Hunt's framing pushes the translation further. She is not just naming the inadequacy of the inherited Western model; she is pointing to an alternative anatomy of consciousness in which the psychic operates outside time and space and the body's reality cannot be reduced to what the five senses report. The vocabulary is laboratory; the substance is tantric. When she closes her presentation, she lands the doctrine in its most consolidated form — the body as electrodynamic field, inseparable from the cosmos, with thought itself persisting as energy that emanates from individuals across time.

"I have tried to take you through a process. These are the ideas that I come in conclusion with. And that is living man, the body, is an electrodynamic energy field in the highest holistic concept. I have described it to you in the laboratory. I have described it to you in my experience. And that it cannot be separated from the universe, either the electrodynamics of the energy fields of thought, of thought. I believe that all thought exists. I have a new tool which is so magnificent in thought. And that is as I perfect the technique, I will go lots of places and ask for answers. And I think the answer is available. If some of the great men in the world can do it, I'm no great man, but I can do it too. Because I'm as human as they are. So I think all thought forms exist. The electrodynamic energy fields of other living tissue or the electromagnetic fields of the physical universe or even I would say the spiritual energy forces which have existed in the history of man are still there and which exist today and emanate from individuals. I believe it. And that there is an order to this dynamic equilibrium and it is that order which is total physical, mental and spiritual health. And, if man is a part of this open universe then we have to open up. And the disease is the derangement. We've heard this. It is the closing of the process so that the individual does not have the process of opening up. And that opening means the ability to experience now and not and pre anticipate what is going to happen to you with Pythagoras or a death experience or anything else that occurs."

Hunt brings the doctrine to its summary form at the close of her 1974 lecture:

Hunt's concluding articulation — living man as an electrodynamic energy field, inseparable from the universe, thought forms persisting in fields — is the mature laboratory translation of premises Ida traced to tantric philosophy.18

What the claim costs Ida and what it gives her

Ida's identification of American thought as tantric in origin is not a casual observation; it has consequences for how Structural Integration positions itself. By locating her philosophical foundation in tantra, she places her work outside the Western medical mainstream — not just methodologically but in its assumptions about what a human being is. The cost is professional: medical colleagues who could accept her work as a manipulation technique cannot accept it as a tantric anatomy. The gift is intellectual coherence — she does not have to pretend her doctrine emerged from Western biomechanics. She can name its source.

"I can't believe that we think this idea came in one hundred years ago when it was around for two thousand five hundred years. It wasn't around in our cultures. That's true. I mean, I'm talking about Western European culture. That's the tradition in which we live. We don't live in the Buddhist tradition. In terms of our schooling In terms of our thinking. A man becomes funny, odd when he begins thinking in terms of the Buddhist assumptions. That's what the world says of him. Well, he's crazy, you know. And then the final differentiation that this man made had to do with this fifth area which is the area of psychic relationship, psychic perception, a different perception. The area of synchronicity and you see those of us who are pretty advanced are still living only really living only in that fourth area and you can't talk to a fourth area person and get them have them get reality on that fifth area. And you can't talk to a third area person and have them get reality on the fourth area. Now this is part of our trouble because we are living in that fourth area and most of the boys and girls that hand out the money for scientific projects are living in the third area and they can't hear us. You see here's some more that you have to just put where you can look at it in terms of using it to classify people's thinking where these people are. The funny part of it is they all have faces, they all have hair, they all have arms, they all have legs."

In a 1976 advanced class, she addresses the cultural and intellectual location her work occupies:

Ida acknowledges that her practitioners are operating in a culture whose dominant intellectual framework cannot yet hear them — a culture still living in third-area thinking when her work assumes the fourth and fifth areas.19

The 1976 framing makes Ida's tantric claim something more than historical observation. She is saying that the translation of tantric philosophy into American thought is partial and ongoing — that what has so far landed is the mind-body unity premise, but the deeper architecture of psychic relationship and synchronicity remains foreign to American intellectual culture even in 1976. The work of her practitioners, in her account, sits at the leading edge of a transmission that is still being completed. The Bernard period delivered the first wave; the Hunt-era laboratory work translates the next; the fifth area, the area of psychic relationship, is the wave still to come.

Coda: a chemist's case for ideas with a life of their own

Ida Rolf was a research chemist by training, employed at the Rockefeller Institute in an era when American institutions rarely hired women in research positions. Her claim about tantric philosophy in American thought has to be read against that intellectual formation. She is not a mystic by temperament. She framed her own work in laboratory vocabulary, demanded measurement, courted scientific replication. The tantric claim is therefore not a default position; it is a conclusion she arrived at, against her training, because the historical data — what she had seen in Bernard's room in 1938, what she watched American thought become in the forty years afterward — required it.

"this has not been the way in which I have lived my teaching life, that I figure that my service is best rendered to seekers, if you like, by getting them to relate this stuff which has been handed down in the myths, etc, to relate that to everyday experience, to twentieth century science, to twentieth century understanding. And this is what I am proposing to do in these particular classes that are coming up and in this particular talk this morning particularly. To relate the stuff which is handed down, coated with myth to us because we are all looking for reality. There is no one in this room to whom I could say, well, you're looking for reality, aren't you? And he could honestly or would honestly say, no. It might be the truth, but he wouldn't acknowledge it. I mean, many of you here realize that you don't really want to see reality. And yet reality has been what the mystics have called their goal for thousands of years. And I have always been in all populations, in all cultural populations, there have been a percentage of people whom we in this room would look at and say, well, they are mystics. They are mystics and they are satisfied, they will be satisfied with the mystical reality. Now the time is just about at hand, I think, when mysticism as such should go and take a back seat."

In the 1976 advanced class, she frames her teaching mission in terms of translating ancient material into contemporary reality:

Ida articulates her commitment to relating the inherited mystical material to everyday twentieth-century experience and science — exactly the translation work she had been describing for the tantric content of American thought.20

The pattern Ida named in 1974 — tantric philosophy translating itself into American life at a subconscious level, working through named teachers like Bernard but answerable ultimately to a cycle in the affairs of men — is the pattern her own work also instantiates. She took material from the mystical inheritance, fitted it to a research chemist's vocabulary and a manipulation practitioner's hands, and produced a practice whose underlying anatomy assumes mind-body unity, energy bodies, and subtle correspondences. When she says American thought is tantric philosophy translated, she is also describing what she herself has done. The claim is autobiography as much as cultural history.

See also: See also: Rev. J. Forbes Robertson's extended exposition of the world's great religions in the 1974 Open Universe class, including his mandala of the religious paths (UNI_034), gives further context for the tantric and yogic framework Ida and her colleagues operated within. UNI_034 ▸UNI_031 ▸UNI_032 ▸

Sources & Audio

Each source row expands to show how the chapter relates to the topic.

1 Interview: Early Life and Chemistry Career 1974 · Structure Lectures — Rolf Adv 1974at 33:50

In a 1974 interview during her advanced class lectures, Ida is asked whether the philosophy of tantra has any relationship to the ideas circulating in American intellectual life. She answers without hedging: many of the ideas Americans now take for granted are pure tantric philosophy, translated into modern American life. The setting is biographical — she has just been describing her weekly visits to Pierre Bernard's yoga center in Nyack, New York, in the late 1930s, when Bernard was teaching a generation of Americans what she considered foundational metaphysical material. For this article's question — why she calls American thought tantric — this is the load-bearing claim. Everything else in the article either sets it up or unpacks what she meant.

2 Origins of Structural Integration 1974 · Structure Lectures — Rolf Adv 1974at 42:28

Pressed to name which specific ideas in American life come from tantra, Ida turns the question around — she tells the interviewer to look at his own ideas and ask whether they relate at all to the Victorian ideas of his forebears. They don't, she says, and the gap is so total that ordinary intellectual progress cannot account for it. Her proposal is that tantric teaching has been working at a subconscious level in American culture, changing inherited Victorian ideas without the recipients knowing they had been changed. For the article's question, this passage shows Ida's method: she argues for tantric influence not by tracing citations but by pointing to a cultural displacement she considered self-evident to anyone who looked at the gap between their own assumptions and their grandparents'.

3 Introduction of Dr. Ida Rolf 1974 · Structure Lectures — Rolf Adv 1974at 0:00

Ida recalls visiting a weekly yoga group in Nyack, New York, in the late 1930s, run by Pierre Bernard. Bernard was an American of Irish parentage who had been raised as a tantric and had become, in adulthood, a teacher of tantric philosophy. He started in San Francisco, worked his way east, and by the time Ida found him was running a center in Nyack. Ida describes him as the pioneer of yoga teaching in the United States. The passage matters because it locates her claim about tantric philosophy in American thought in a specific transmission line — not abstract Eastern influence, but one identifiable teacher in one room, weekly, in the late 1930s. For this article's question, Bernard is the channel Ida points to when she says tantric ideas have entered American life.

4 Origins of Structural Integration 1974 · Structure Lectures — Rolf Adv 1974at 42:55

When asked whether Pierre Bernard was directly responsible for displacing Victorian ideas in American thought, Ida demurs. She says there are cycles in the affairs of men, and when the time comes for a change, the change happens — someone is found to do the changing, but that person is only the operator through which it occurs. She apologizes for sounding mystical but holds the position. The passage matters to this article's topic because it shows that Ida's claim about tantric influence on American thought is not a claim about one teacher's outsized effect. It is a claim about a cultural turning whose time had come, with Bernard as the available channel. The framing lets her hold both the specific biographical scene and the larger historical pattern at once.

5 Origins of Structural Integration 1974 · Structure Lectures — Rolf Adv 1974at 43:29

Asked which tantric idea has most shaped American thought, Ida names the unity of mind and body. She is emphatic that this idea did not come from Western European medicine — it is basically a tantric idea. The brevity of the statement is misleading; the claim is enormous. The entire premise of Structural Integration — that working physically on the connective tissue web affects the whole person, including their psychology, emotions, and sense of self — rests on the assumption that mind and body are not separate. Ida is identifying the source of that assumption as tantric, not Western. For this article's question, this is the passage that makes the tantric claim consequential rather than decorative. It locates her own work inside a philosophical lineage she traces to Bernard's Nyack center.

6 Energy, Pressure, and Stacking Blocks 1973 · Big Sur Advanced Class 1973at 18:14

Teaching at Big Sur in 1973, Ida explains that the dominant Western school of healing — medicine working through chemistry — established itself about a hundred and twenty-five years ago and displaced an older mechanical or structural school that had been in operation for several thousand years. The chemical school's success was so total that everyone became enamored of it and it spread in all directions. The structural school, working through manipulation and the body's organization, went into eclipse. For this article's topic, the passage matters because it sets up the cultural ground on which Ida's tantric claim has force. Western medicine had erased the older mind-body integration; tantric philosophy, arriving through Bernard in the late 1930s, reintroduced what the chemical school had displaced.

7 Finer Body and Energy Fields various · RolfB5 — Public Tapeat 33:27

Teaching the seventh hour in a public tape session, Ida turns from the autonomic nervous system to a larger question: are there flows in the body beyond the recognized fluid circulatory flows? She proposes there is a flow of energy field, and that the occultists may have been right about a finer body that determines and energizes the material body. She traces the concept back to before Christ and identifies it as the basis of all metaphysical techniques. She names the whole Chinese system as one expression of it. For this article's topic, the passage matters because it shows Ida operating with explicitly tantric or tantric-adjacent anatomy in her teaching — finer body, causal body, energy field as the formative layer behind the visible flesh. She frames it cautiously but holds it as a working premise.

8 Connective Tissue and Energy Fields 1974 · Open Universe Classat 1:50

In a 1974 Open Universe class, the speaker — a colleague of Ida's introducing her work — proposes that dynamic energy fields enter the body not through the five senses but through the acupuncture points distributed across the body and through the great web of connective tissue that supports and shapes us. The work, by reorganizing this fascial web, opens both the body's reception of incoming energy fields and its dissipation of outgoing ones. When this opening happens, mind, body, and spirit operate in symphony. For this article's question about tantric influence on American thought, this passage shows the doctrine arriving in classroom form — body as energy field, fascia as cosmic interface, integration as the opening of subtle channels. The vocabulary is American 1974, but the underlying anatomy is recognizably tantric.

9 Rolfing and the Life Force 1974 · Open Universe Classat 21:23

Speaking to the 1974 Open Universe class, Rev. J. Forbes Robertson — a minister whose research has taken him through acupuncture, yoga, Zen at Sojiji Temple, the Ramakrishna monks, transcendental meditation in Delhi, and chiropractic — tells the class that Ida's work comes closer than any practice he has investigated to recognizing spirit as a unitive life force. He cites Ida's phrase 'gravity is the therapist' and connects it to the principle he had been developing through his own exercises: that the microcosm man must be structurally integrated to the macrocosm, the universe. For this article's topic, the passage matters because it places Ida's work explicitly inside the tantric and yogic framework of macrocosm-microcosm correspondence. Robertson is the colleague who names what Ida tends to leave half-spoken.

10 Defining Spirit and Charisma 1974 · Open Universe Classat 0:00

Robertson tells the Open Universe class that after his second session of the work he walked differently — light, lifted, his feet seeming to rise of their own accord, a sense of involuntary movement and ecstasy he had previously associated only with sustained jogging. He had been the one to introduce Swami Vishnu Devananda to America, having written the preface to the standard Complete Book of Yoga. He is therefore qualified, in his own estimation, to recognize the experience. For this article's topic, the passage matters because Robertson — a Western minister with deep Indian training — describes the post-session body in language a tantric or yogic practitioner would recognize: the awakened subtle body, the lifted quality of an integrated energy system. He is providing experiential confirmation of the tantric framework Ida claims as the philosophical foundation of the work.

11 Origins of Spirit 1974 · Open Universe Classat 19:44

Robertson tells the Open Universe class that the concept of duality — the conflict of good and evil, body and spirit, atomic self and transcendent self — runs through Western religious and intellectual life with what some attribute to Zoroastrian origin and others trace further back. He identifies the Aristotelian framework as dominant throughout Christendom, however much the Catholic tradition would resist the accusation. He notes that the people his audience works with as patients, and the people he meets on college campuses, carry a deep-seated sense of original sin that creates a schizoid dichotomy in their lived experience. For this article's topic, the passage matters because Robertson is naming the philosophical situation that the tantric arrival came to disrupt. The mind-body unity Ida credits to tantra is, in his framing, the corrective to an Aristotelian-Christian dualism that had structured Western experience for centuries.

12 Defining Spirit and Charisma 1974 · Open Universe Classat 0:00

Robertson narrates a long Western intellectual lineage for the concept of spirit, starting with Plato as a metaphysician, moving through the physician Galen — who dominated medical history for fifteen hundred years with his humoral concept of natural, vital, and neurological elements composing the soul — and arriving at a modern formulation he attributes to Thayer: spirit as spiritual energy. The shift toward thinking about spirit as energy is, in his reading, what brings the concept close to something his audience can work with. For this article's topic, the passage matters because it shows the Western intellectual ground that tantric thought, in Ida and Robertson's shared account, had begun to reorganize. The 'spirit as energy' formulation Robertson endorses is itself an Easternization of a Western category.

13 Duality Versus Monism 1974 · Open Universe Classat 22:41

Robertson tells the 1974 Open Universe class that he and his audience are eyewitnesses to a fantastic shift — for the first time, the West may be changing its collective consciousness and individual attitude toward the dualism it has inherited, moving toward a monistic view of life. He attributes this to the opening of doors toward the East, with Eastern influence arriving on Western thought almost with a vengeance. He cites driving past three karate locations on Hollywood and Sunset, mentions tai chi, recalls his early research in yoga in India, and notes that he had been among the first to write publicly about acupuncture after taking treatments in Taiwan. For this article's topic, the passage matters because Robertson is describing the visible 1970s wave that Ida considered the surface of a deeper transmission — the tantric arrival had been underway since the 1930s; what 1974 saw was its full cultural emergence.

14 Western Incarnation vs Eastern Gnosticism 1975 · Rolf Advanced Class 1975 — Boulderat 0:42

Teaching the 1975 Boulder advanced class, Ida tells her students that she has come more and more in recent years to understand herself as a Westerner, with roots in the Hebraic-Christian tradition rather than the Eastern metaphysical one. She does not like, basically, the Eastern impulse to rise above history and rise above time. She considers it, in its current American expression, plain escape. The Eastern body, as American students take it up, denies anger; it denies the angularity of being on the earth. For this article's topic, the passage matters because it complicates Ida's tantric claim. She credits tantra with the philosophical reintroduction of mind-body unity, but she does not endorse wholesale adoption of Eastern practice. Her tantric claim is descriptive — this is what happened to American thought — not prescriptive.

15 Body Sensation and Mystical Imagery 1975 · Rolf Advanced Class 1975 — Boulderat 2:03

In a 1975 Boulder advanced class, Ida recounts waking in the middle of the night, perhaps a month after her seventh hour, with her body awash in a synesthetic state she had previously known only from acid — sensation, symphesthesia, images riding on sensation, the impression of smelling colors. She tells the class that this experience taught her what the mystics had been describing all along: not out-of-body experiences but precisely bodily experiences, mystical states located in the flesh itself. When you change the structure of the body so that flow increases and sensation deepens, you also increase a kind of imagery; the body begins to think. For this article's topic, the passage matters because it gives experiential weight to Ida's tantric claim. Tantric anatomy is not a metaphor she borrowed; it is a description of what she felt happening in her own body as the work took hold.

16 Rolfing and Body Plasticity 1974 · Open Universe Classat 1:34

Speaking to the 1974 Open Universe class, Hunt tells students that bodies change not every seven years but on every breath; atoms and molecules constantly replace themselves; hormones are in constant flux; electrodynamic and electromagnetic changes are continuously affecting the body. The physical senses tell us very little — only what is on the surface. There are other levels of consciousness available through which a person can know molecular action inside the body directly. To reach this level, body ego and body image must be minimized; rigidity of individuality blocks the flow of energy. For this article's topic, the passage matters because Hunt is articulating the mature classroom doctrine in language that is simultaneously laboratory-acceptable and recognizably tantric. The premises — body as energy in constant flow, consciousness with multiple levels, ego rigidity as obstruction — are the tantric philosophical inheritance Ida credited as the source of modern American thought.

17 Psyche and Non-Linear Reality 1974 · Open Universe Classat 7:56

Hunt tells the 1974 Open Universe class that the inherited Western psychological framework — ego, id, subconscious, superego, all rooted in the past — and the libido energy Freud touched on and then dropped, have produced a culture that treats strong emotional energy as dangerous, irrational, less than human. Awareness centers arose, generally outside formal institutions, to permit experiment with feeling. The new concepts she names go further: the psychic system is devoid of time and space; there is no past, present, or future at that level. She cites the Senoi of Malaysia, who share and analyze dreams collectively, have no crime, and no psychopathology. For this article's topic, the passage matters because Hunt is articulating, in 1974 American laboratory language, a framework that is recognizably tantric in its assumptions — multiple levels of consciousness, the psychic outside time and space, the inadequacy of the five-senses model. It is exactly the translation Ida had described.

18 Pythagoras Vision and Sound Resonance 1974 · Open Universe Classat 30:58

Concluding her 1974 Open Universe presentation, Hunt tells the class that living man — the body — is an electrodynamic energy field in the highest holistic sense, and cannot be separated from the universe, either from the electrodynamic energy fields of thought or from the electromagnetic fields of the physical universe. She believes all thought exists, that thought forms persist, that the spiritual energy forces that have existed throughout the history of man are still present and emanate from individuals. There is an order to this dynamic equilibrium, and that order is total physical, mental and spiritual health. Disease is the closing of the open process. For this article's topic, the passage matters because Hunt is delivering, in measured 1974 scientific prose, a set of claims about the body, thought, and cosmic correspondence that are recognizably tantric. The translation Ida had described — tantric philosophy entering American thought in scientific dress — is here completed in a UCLA laboratory voice.

19 Epistemological Profile: Five Levels 1976 · Rolf Advanced Class 1976at 7:21

In the 1976 advanced class, Ida tells her students that the conceptual world they are operating in is more advanced than most of their interlocutors realize. The shift toward relationship rather than solidity as the primary reality came in only in this century, with Einstein, Korzybski, and others. The Buddhist tradition had been there for two and a half thousand years, but it was not part of Western European cultural inheritance. A person who begins thinking in Buddhist assumptions is called odd by their culture. She tells the class that they themselves are still mostly living only in the fourth area — relationship — and have not yet reached the fifth, the area of psychic relationship and synchronicity. The people who hand out money for scientific projects are still living in the third area and cannot hear the fourth-area practitioners. For this article's topic, the passage matters because Ida is locating her own work, and by extension her tantric claim about American thought, in a conceptual zone the surrounding culture has not yet caught up to. The translation she described is still underway.

20 Opening Remarks on Aging 1976 · Rolf Advanced Class 1976at 0:00

Teaching the 1976 advanced class, Ida explains that her teaching life has been committed to relating the material handed down in myth and mystical tradition to everyday experience and twentieth-century science. She acknowledges that not everyone in the room wants to see reality directly, but proposes that mystical reality, if it cannot be fitted into the everyday reality that Zen masters described — drinking tea, washing dishes, mowing the lawn — is suspect. Mysticism as such, she says, should perhaps now take a back seat, while what the mystics were pointing toward gets translated into contemporary terms. For this article's topic, the passage matters because Ida is describing her own intellectual method exactly as she had described what tantric philosophy did to American thought — translation from one idiom to another, the underlying reality preserved while the vocabulary changes. Her work is itself an instance of the process she claimed had reshaped American thought.

Educational archive of Dr. Ida P. Rolf's recorded teaching, 1966–1976. "Rolfing®" / "Rolfer®" are trademarks of the DIRI; independently maintained by Joel Gheiler, not affiliated with the DIRI.