This page presents the recorded teaching of Dr. Ida P. Rolf (1896–1979), founder of Structural Integration, in her own words. "Rolfing®" and "Rolfer®" are registered trademarks of the Dr. Ida Rolf Institute. This archive is independently maintained for educational purposes and is not affiliated with the Dr. Ida Rolf Institute.

Ida Rolf in Her Own Words · Topics

Ida Rolf on Pregnancy and postpartum

Ida Rolf rarely taught pregnancy as a discrete topic, but her transcripts contain a sustained, scattered, and unmistakable doctrine about what happens to a body that has carried a child — and what the practitioner has to do to restore it. The doctrine is anatomical rather than obstetric: the pelvis is a floor, that floor must be horizontalized, the structures that govern it run from the pubococcygeus up through the psoas to the diaphragm, and pregnancy is one of the great events that throws this whole system out of order. Her colleagues in the 1976 advanced class — particularly the anatomist working with two-day-old infant cadavers — pushed her further, observing that distortion begins in utero, before birth. What follows draws together statements from the 1971-72 mystery tapes, the 1973 Big Sur class, the 1974 Healing Arts conference, the 1975 Boulder advanced class, and the 1976 Boulder advanced class, to assemble the position Ida Rolf actually held about pregnancy, postpartum bodies, the pelvic floor, and the structural inheritance every human being arrives with.

The pelvis is a floor, not a basin

Almost every discussion of pregnancy in the transcripts begins not with the uterus or the abdomen but with a structural correction Ida tried for years to drill into her students: when you say pelvis, you do not mean the bony ring. You mean the floor. In her 1975 Santa Monica fifth-hour class, on the tenth day of teaching, she stopped her student Steve mid-explanation to make exactly this point. Steve had given a competent account of the fifth hour as the lengthening of the front of the body, and Ida accepted the answer — but only partly. The full key, she told him, was elsewhere. The hour, like the pelvis itself, was about a floor, and she complained in the same breath that she had heard almost nothing in any of her classes that suggested students understood this.

"That this fifth hour has to do with the horizontalizing of the floor of the pelvis. Now I haven't heard anything in this class nor do I hear much in any classes come to think of it. To indicate that you people recognize the fact that it is the floor of the pelvis, that is the vital structure in this trip."

Ida Rolf, tenth day of the 1975 Santa Monica fifth-hour class, correcting Steve Weatherwax's account of what the fifth hour is for:

States the doctrine directly: when we say pelvis we mean the floor of the pelvis, and the students aren't hearing it.1

This is the doctrinal foundation under everything she will say about pregnancy. A pregnancy is, by definition, an event that loads a floor with weight it was not loaded with before, and a postpartum body is a body whose floor has spent nine months sagging and stretching. If the pelvis is just a bony ring, there is nothing structural to say about this. If the pelvis is a floor — a fascially supported, muscularly tensioned, articulating surface — then a great deal can be said, and a great deal can be done.

Lift the thorax off the pelvis to free it

Before Ida discusses what to do for a postpartum pelvis, she establishes the operational principle she uses everywhere else: you do not free a pelvis by working on the pelvis. You free it by lifting what sits on top of it, and by getting good support under it from below. In the same 1975 class, only a few exchanges after the fifth-hour discussion, she put this in the bluntest possible terms. A student had been speculating about psychological stress and crummy marriages as causes of pelvic immobility. Ida cut him off — they were not marriage counselors. What did matter, structurally, was that the practitioner understand the operational sequence.

"understand you have to lift that up off the pelvis to start getting mobility in the pelvis."

Ida Rolf, 1975 Boulder advanced class, cutting off speculation about emotional causes to name the structural operation:

States the operational rule that governs all postpartum work: mobility in the pelvis comes from lifting the thorax off it, not from working the pelvis directly.2

The principle generalizes directly to the postpartum body. A woman who has carried a child has, for nine months, had the entire weight of the upper body bearing down on a pelvic floor that was simultaneously being pushed outward and downward by the growing uterus. The thorax sits on the pelvis; the pelvis sits on the floor of the pelvis; the floor of the pelvis has been loaded from both directions. To get the floor back to horizontal, the practitioner has to undo both pressures. The thorax has to come up off the pelvis, and support has to be restored from below — through the legs, the adductors, the rotators, and eventually through the deep attachments that govern the floor itself. This is the structural logic by which the recipe applies to a postpartum body.

"Our core is to organize the pelvis in reference to gravity. So you free the pelvis from above and below. You free it above by raising the thorax off. Now we're down to free the legs on the pelvis by freeing the structures around the hip joints and then around the hamstring muscles to evaluate how where the restrictions are in Brooks, I would like to underscore certain points. You free the pelvis by working around the hip joint. This is right. In order to allow the pelvis to turn around the hip joint."

A senior practitioner in the 1971-72 mystery-tape class restates the operational rule in his own words:

Captures the freeing-from-above-and-below mechanism in plain terms, exactly the operation Ida applies to any pelvis that has lost its horizontal.3

The floor of the pelvis: pubococcygeus as the key

By the late stages of an advanced class, Ida would press her students for the specific anatomical answer to the question her fifth-hour doctrine raised. If the pelvis is a floor, what is the floor? She would not accept generalities. In a 1971-72 mystery-tape exchange, she pushed the class hard for the physiological reason horizontality of the pelvis matters, and she eventually let a student name the answer she was waiting for.

"And, basically, the key of the pelvic floor is the pubococcigeus."

Ida Rolf, 1971-72 mystery-tape class, after pressing her students for the operative structure of the floor of the pelvis:

Names the anatomical key — the single muscle Ida treats as governing the floor — in a single sentence.4

This is the muscle a pregnancy most directly stresses. A vaginal birth passes the child through the levator ani complex, of which the pubococcygeus is the principal component. A cesarean spares the pubococcygeus the direct trauma of delivery but does nothing about the nine months of downward loading. In either case the postpartum pelvic floor has been mechanically reorganized, and Ida's claim is that the practitioner's job is not to address the pubococcygeus directly — which is anatomically inaccessible to the kind of work the practice does — but to organize everything that attaches to it, surrounds it, and determines its tone. That is the program of the fourth, fifth, and sixth hours.

"All of these will be determining how those legs fit into that pelvis. Now having done all this, where have we gotten? And why are we doing it? We say we want to make the pelvis horizontal. Why do we want to make the pelvis horizontal? Right now, I want this answer in terms of physiology, not in terms of gravity, not exclusively in terms of gravity. There's a lot of stuff that's resting on the floor."

Earlier in the same passage, Ida walks the class through why the practitioner asks for horizontality of the pelvis:

Gives the structural reason for horizontality — the viscera have to be supported by an organized floor — which is the doctrine that governs the postpartum case.5

We are not born perfect: distortion begins in utero

In the 1976 Boulder advanced class, one of Ida's senior colleagues — an anatomist who had begun dissecting infant cadavers — opened a session by stating a position she said had taken her years to assimilate but which Ida had been teaching for a long time: we are not born perfect. The image of the freely floating fetus, suspended in amniotic fluid and unconstrained, was a fantasy. The uterus is a constrained space; pressure operates on the developing body; tendons and ligaments form along lines of pressure and tension; and by the time of birth, the rotations and distortions characteristic of an adult human structure are already legible in the newborn's body.

"Right. And I feel that this is a problem maybe perhaps we can call aging but the aging starts before birth. In other words, we are not born perfect as we all now say and I get surprised when people think that's an amazing statement. It's hard for me to remember back to the days when I thought that we were born perfect and that everything happened bad from then on and that there have been a lot of influences. For instance, just thinking of the pure pressure of the uterine wall restriction on the baby and there for there's going to have to be some kind of rotation of head rotating around legs with arms going into some kind of rotation with the external pressure of the restriction of space that's already starting to cause distortions or modifications or rotations or whatever you want to call them by the time of birth. We're already there. And as you'll see this morning where we have pictures of the, this is a two day old baby that we did a dissection of, that already you could predict what some of the things that that child would, as a man, that he would have looked like already. And this is where fresh out of the room."

Opening the 1976 Boulder advanced class with the dissection of a two-day-old infant, an Ida-trained anatomist names what the dissection had shown:

Establishes the doctrine that structural distortion is already present at birth — the pregnancy itself has shaped the child's body, before the child has done anything.6

This is among the most far-reaching claims in the entire transcript corpus, and it inverts the conventional way of thinking about pregnancy and structure. The usual question is what pregnancy does to the mother. The 1976 class insists on a second question: what pregnancy does to the child. The intrauterine environment is the first room a body lives in, and it presses, twists, and shapes the body according to the geometry of that room. By the time of birth, the work has already begun.

"And that's again the way the leg always fell which makes sense when you figure that all of the muscle development is back here and very little here to really bring it around. Now what was interesting is when we rotated the leg and I think it's on the next slide, we rotated the legs inward right, we immediately got an anterior pulse. They tilted forward. You can see the strains that have started here. You see the beginning of the strain here where ultimately this actually develops into a strap that holds the bottom of the gluteal fold. The bottom of the gluteal fold is not the gluteus maximus, it's rather the strap and the gluteal fold really doesn't go with the gluteus maximus. This came back and this went forward. I don't know why this is what happened and I do have some ideas of course because of psoas and so forth and we don't know how developed the psoas was because we never got that far into section. But you can see then how the strains changed from the going, the tissue going the direction of the buttocks down the leg as it was in the previous slide to now imposing these new sets of pulls around beginning to form straps, belts, whatever you want to call them in our new anatomy. And this is just showing the back of the baby lying on its side and again you see the legs are forward so the iliac crest is coming out, it's more pronounced."

Showing slides from the infant dissection, the anatomist describes what she found when the leg was rotated:

Documents in a single observation what intrauterine pressure does — rotating the leg inward immediately produced an anterior tilt of the pelvis and visible straps of strain.7

The fourth hour, sexual adjustment, and the year of fertility

In her 1971-72 review of the recipe, Ida treated the fourth hour as the hour in which the work begins to reach what she called the floor of the pelvis. She approached it through the adductors — the inner thigh muscles whose attachments are continuous with the structures of the floor itself — and she described the hour as one whose effects extended far beyond structural alignment. Among the effects she named was a striking observation about fertility. In couples who had been unable to conceive, she reported, conception often followed about a year after the fourth hour. She did not present this as a guaranteed effect, but she presented it as something she had observed enough times to mention regularly.

"Incidentally, it should be said here, which is something which I take for granted so many times that I don't bother to talk about it. The fact that many, many times when you have childless couples who are really anxious for a child, they will get one at the end of a about a year. Takes a year, apparently, for this thing to organize itself and for the that couple to become thickened for some reason. Obviously, this isn't gonna happen in a hundred percent of cases, but it does happen in a great many cases. It does it could the fourth hour does a very great deal toward making physically intolerable marriages physically tolerable. And so you get a certain peace and quiet going on in these marriages, and they settle down and either are willing to adapt or now they're going to really split."

Ida Rolf in the 1971-72 mystery-tape class, reviewing the structural effects of the fourth hour:

Records Ida's clinical observation that the fourth hour, by reorganizing the floor of the pelvis, was followed in many cases by conception in previously childless couples — and that the same work made physically intolerable marriages physically tolerable.8

Two things are worth noting about this passage. First, Ida is careful — it does not happen in every case, she says, but it happens in a great many. Second, the mechanism she invokes is not endocrine or psychological. It is structural. The floor of the pelvis has been reorganized; the rotators have been freed; the adductors have been brought into a relationship that permits the bony pelvis to find a horizontal; the abdominal organs are no longer being supported by a sagging fascial sling but by a competent muscular floor. The reproductive organs sit on that floor. Their function, Ida argues, follows their support.

The fifth hour: psoas, lumbar plexus, and the organs above the floor

Where the fourth hour reaches the floor of the pelvis from below, the fifth hour begins to work upward from it. Ida is explicit in the 1971-72 review that the fifth hour is when the practitioner first begins to reach into the abdominal organs, not by touching them directly but by organizing the psoas — and through the psoas, the lumbar plexus that innervates the entire viscera of the lower trunk.

"And in your organization of the psoas, you are almost reaching with your hand into the lumbar plexus and affecting the characteristics of the lumbar plexus, the inner the the structures which are innervated by the lumbar plexus. So that you see you get into all of that abdominal all those abdominal organs."

Ida Rolf, 1971-72 mystery-tape class, on what the fifth hour reaches:

Names the mechanism by which structural work reaches the abdominal organs — through the psoas into the lumbar plexus — which is the route by which postpartum visceral disorganization gets addressed.9

For a postpartum body this matters more than for any other. Pregnancy displaces, compresses, and reorganizes every abdominal and pelvic organ. The uterus enlarges to many times its normal size and then involutes; the bladder is compressed against the pubes for months and then released; the diaphragm is pushed up by the growing uterus and then drops; the bowel is rerouted around the gravid uterus and then has to find its way back. The lumbar plexus innervates all of this, and the psoas — which is the muscle most directly continuous with the spine through which the plexus emerges — is the practitioner's access point. The fifth hour, in Ida's account, is the hour in which the work reaches what pregnancy has disorganized.

"And through the diaphragm, the position of the heart. Mhmm. The behavior of the heart and the stress on the heart. And so in this fifth and fifth hour, you're working your way upward out of the pelvis into the structures whose well-being depends upon the positioning of the pelvis. And you see your fourth hour has taken on the positioning of the floor of the pelvis. And the fifth hour begins to turn it up in the front so that it has support under the abdominal organs."

Continuing in the same passage, Ida names the upward chain — psoas to diaphragm to solar plexus to heart:

Extends the mechanism — work on the psoas reaches not only the lumbar plexus but the diaphragm above it and, through the diaphragm, the position of the heart — completing the structural account of why this hour matters for a postpartum body.10

Psoas and rectus: the pull that thickens the lumbar discs

Inside the fifth-hour work, Ida makes an unusually mechanical claim about what the practitioner is doing when she addresses the rectus abdominis and the psoas together. The two muscles share a relationship she described in lever terms — the psoas pulls upward from the lumbar, the rectus pulls down from the thorax, and when the practitioner organizes them, the geometry of the lumbar spine changes.

"that if you are going to pull upward on the psoas on the rectus, you are going to pull downward on the lumbar. And you are going to through your pulling downward, you are going to thicken the discs And in thickening the discs, you get a more flexible lumbar."

Ida Rolf in a public tape, working through the lever mechanics of the psoas-rectus-lumbar relationship:

Names the mechanical claim that pulling upward on the psoas and rectus pulls downward on the lumbar, thickening the discs and producing a more flexible lumbar — the structural correction every postpartum lumbar needs.11

The clinical relevance to postpartum bodies is hard to overstate. The pregnant lumbar curve — exaggerated anteriorly to balance the forward weight of the gravid uterus — does not always self-correct after delivery. The compressed discs do not always rehydrate; the shortened erectors do not always lengthen; the psoas, which has been working overtime to manage an unstable anterior pelvis, does not always release. Ida's claim is mechanical: the practitioner's work on the rectus and psoas thickens the discs and lets the lumbar back into its proper relationship. This is the structural correction for a postpartum lumbar.

"You also get a lumbar back where the lumbar does belong. It's a perfectly absurd thing what we do with those lumbars. These are the biggest vertebra in the body. And we throw them entirely out of the line, the gravity line, so that we transmit the pull of the gravity not through the vertebra, bodies of the vertebra which were designed to take it, but through the soft tissue of the binding around those lumbars, the quadratus, the lumbar pressure, the reflex, and we use that to transmit the weight of the upper part of the body down to the floor. Now this is crazy. There's a nice mechanical advantage there too."

Continuing in the same passage, Ida names what is at stake if the lumbar is left where pregnancy leaves it:

Names the structural pathology of a lumbar thrown off its line — the weight is no longer transmitted through the vertebral bodies but through the surrounding soft tissue, which is exactly what a pregnant lumbar curve creates.12

The first hour as the entry point for any body

Although the deep work on the floor of the pelvis happens in the fourth, fifth, and sixth hours, Ida insists that the entry point for any body — postpartum or otherwise — is the first hour, and the first hour begins on the chest. The reason, in her account, is operational: the practitioner has to free the thorax off the pelvis before there is any possibility of mobility in the pelvis below. A postpartum body, whose thorax has been pushed down on the pelvis by months of altered breathing mechanics, presents this need in its most acute form.

"And then paying attention to the attachments of the diaphragm along the lower rib cage which is again important in respiratory mechanism. When this is accomplished, there is an evidence of treatment of chest, GC, and feel. What you've done, among other things, is you've raised the chest off of the pelvis and you've lengthened the front of the body, raising the whole structure. From here, next we'll go down to the legs. Our core is to organize the pelvis in reference to gravity. So you free the pelvis from above and below."

A senior practitioner in an IPR public tape describes the first-hour entry and what it accomplishes:

Captures the first-hour operation as freeing the rib cage, lengthening the front of the body, and raising the whole structure — the preliminary work that any postpartum approach has to do before deeper work is possible.13

Ida is also explicit that the first hour is the beginning of the tenth — that the recipe is not a sequence of independent events but a single integrated process broken into ten sessions only because the body cannot take more than that at one time. For a postpartum body this means the practitioner is not bypassing the fifth and sixth hours by starting at the chest; the first hour is the start of the chain that eventually reaches the floor of the pelvis.

"The first hour is the beginning of the tenth hour. Okay? Uh-huh. The second hour is a follow-up of the first hour. Uh-huh. It's just the second half of the first hour. Okay? And the third hour is the second half of the second and first hour. It's literally a continuation. I clearly I clearly saw, you know, last summer that continuation process and how and, you know, Dick talked about how, you know, the only reason it was broken into 10, you know, sessions like that was it because the body just couldn't take all that work. Couldn't take it right. But I just sitting on just trying to figure out how the hell she ever figured out that process, and then began to see it."

Ida and a student in the 1975 Boulder class, on the recipe as continuous rather than sequential:

Names the recipe-as-continuation doctrine that governs how postpartum work proceeds — each hour is the next half of the previous one, and the work that reaches the floor of the pelvis begins at the chest.14

The pelvic lift and the recovery of the lumbar

Within each hour, the move by which the practitioner closes the work is the pelvic lift — a maneuver Ida treated as the integrator of everything the hour had done. The lift, in her description, is more than a comfort measure. It is the specific operation by which the lumbar vertebrae are brought back where they belong and the sacrum is turned down into the position from which the floor of the pelvis can find horizontal.

"Unless you want to look at the movement of ribs as being a motor function. The function that is primarily the job of the thorax is the respiratory and the heart action. And then you build in the freeing which you have done with your hands through a pelvic lift. And that pelvic lift is a turning down of the sacrum, a separation of the lumbar vertebrae so that they can begin to straighten out. You have seen and you will continue to see short lumbars and necessarily if you have a short lumbar you are going to have that reversal of the sacrum. This being the base and this being the apex. The apex will be back, the base will be in and the lumbar will be short. And as you lengthen the lumbar and bring them back, this has to happen, there is no way nothing else can happen. And this is what you are accomplishing in your pelvic lift."

Ida Rolf in a public tape, describing what the pelvic lift accomplishes:

Names the operation of the pelvic lift — turning the sacrum down, separating the lumbar vertebrae, lengthening the short lumbar that produces sacral reversal — which is the operation any postpartum lumbar needs.15

The pelvic lift, in this account, is not optional for a postpartum body — it is the operation by which the work of the hour is allowed to take. A practitioner who freed the thorax and the legs and stopped there would have done preparation only. The lift is what makes the preparation hold.

"guy? No. I had a guy pinned on the backboard and he stopped breathing. And through the occiput, you know, to die myself. Dorothy Melffy, I'm sorry, if you know, had an experience. So I guess it was fifteen years ago now. It was. The Melffys were very close friends with a neighbor. And when they in the house of the neighbor, there were several kids ranging up to 15, 16 years old. And this particular Sunday afternoon, the neighbor, Papa and Mama, had gone out and most of the kids had gone out. But they had remained in the house, this 15 or 16 year old, who at that point was very dejected. And this kid literally turned on the gas and tried to kill herself. And somehow somehow someone else came in and they ran seeing papa and mama was out, they went over to the Northeast."

Ida and her colleague Dorothy Melfy, in a 1975 Boulder exchange, on the pelvic lift as a clinical intervention:

Records the only place in the transcripts where the pelvic lift is described as having been used to revive someone whose breathing had stopped — a striking measure of how seriously Ida and her circle took the operation.16

The third hour: lifting the thorax off a shortened trunk

Between the freeing of the thorax in the first hour and the deep work on the floor in the fourth, the third hour does something specific to bodies that have been shortened along the trunk — including, structurally, bodies that have carried a child. In a 1975 Boulder class Ida pressed her students to see the trunk shortening as the operation by which the abdominal contents are pushed out, and she identified the lumbar fascia and the spleniorectal groups as the specific tissues that have to be lengthened for the thorax to lift off the pelvis at all.

"Now if you get an aggressive type, he is going to have exerted himself through his arms by dragging this all in and tying it into the trunk and shortening the trunk. He does this through the recti, but he does it through the through the lumbar fascia even more, through the lumbar fascia and through the spleniorectal groups. Now I hope that you're following me in a visualization pattern, not just hearing my words. And this is where you start to get length in that body to lift the thorax off the pelvis. Because the shorter that body gets, the more the abdominal contents are forced out."

Ida Rolf in the 1975 Boulder advanced class, on the structural mechanism of trunk shortening:

Names the mechanism — shortening of the trunk through the lumbar fascia and spleniorectal groups forces abdominal contents out — that postpartum bodies present in their most legible form.17

The postpartum belly is, in Ida's structural terms, a belly that has lost its container because the trunk has shortened around it. The pregnancy itself pushed the abdominal wall outward; the postpartum body has not yet recovered the length along the sides that would allow the contents to return inward and upward. The third hour is the hour that addresses this specifically — and it does so not by working the abdomen directly but by lengthening the side body and the lumbar fascia until the thorax can rise off the pelvis.

The sixth hour: rotators, coccyx, and the breath that reaches the sacrum

After the fourth and fifth hours have addressed the floor of the pelvis from below and the psoas from above, the sixth hour completes the work on the pelvis from behind. Ida's account of this hour centers on the rotators — particularly the piriformis — and on the coccyx, both of which she treats as inaccessible until the earlier hours have made the approach possible. For postpartum bodies, the sixth hour is the hour that reaches what was most directly disturbed by delivery.

"up the front part of the pelvis. Okay, now. Our six, the area of the legs and pelvis that we've known so far is the post the real posterior aspect of it, the sacrum and back of the legs. Again, we started peripherally working with the Achilles tendon as necessary to heal. There was a bit of ankle work here and there where it was necessary. Depends on what you see. Where it's the tendon or not. Freeing up the gastroc, both heads, freeing up the insertions of the hamstrings, working on the hamstrings deeper than we have before, and then going medially sacrum of the cocky's. Wait a minute. You What is the structure in the The sixth roof. Right. And you see, you touched on this back there in the fifth hour. You touched on it and talked about the necessity for getting the rotation of the pelvis around the head of the femur. And I said to myself, he's out of order, but let him alone, but see to it that he shoves this forward. Because what is it that allows the rotation of the pelvis around the head of the femur? The rotator. The rotator. The eminent."

Ida Rolf and a student in a public tape, walking through what the sixth hour does:

Names the sixth hour's real goal — getting under the rotators to reach the anterior aspect of the sacrum — which is the structural region most directly disorganized by pregnancy and delivery.18

The coccyx, in particular, is the structure Ida treats as the determinant of the pelvic floor itself. In a 1971-72 class she pushed her students to recognize that the floor of the pelvis cannot be horizontalized as long as the coccyx is held forward by tight gluteal and sacrotuberous attachments, and that this is the reason the sixth-hour work has to reach so deep.

"That's the one that I felt I was on yesterday when I went into MARC, going into the coccyx, I was sufficiently anterior to the coccyx that I could feel the The pull of those ligaments. And these vertical strands, I mean, vertical wide This is what I'm trying to make to give you all reality on, that in that fourth hour you have got to get into those ligaments that attach to the toxins and to the sacrum. Every once in a while I'll say to you people, What about its toxics? Well, I was going to get to that. What they're really saying is, I forgot about it, but you're reminding me of it. And what I'm trying to bring up to more nearly the surface of consciousness is that without that kind of an organization that you have no way of horizontalizing the pelvis. Look at it in terms of horizontalizing of the floor there and you see how this is knocked askew. You can't horizontalize the floor because the coccyx is askew. And the coccyx determines the floor of the pelvis. Well, it's quite true, it's the second segment of the coccyx, as I remember. In other words, it's way high and the floor of the pelvis doesn't follow as far askew as the coccyx itself goes as your fingers tell you. But all of this is a very important consideration for you that to get in there, you have to get to the ligaments that relate the coccyx, the sacrum, and the STI."

Ida Rolf in a 1971-72 class, on the coccyx as the determinant of the floor:

Names the coccyx as the determinant of the floor of the pelvis and the sacrotuberous and obturator-internus attachments as the structures that have to be reached for any horizontalizing to be possible — the deep work that postpartum bodies most directly need.19

When the sixth-hour work is done well, the sign Ida looked for was a specific change in the breathing pattern of the person lying face down — a movement of breath that reached the sacrum, and a sacrum that moved with the breath. This was, in her terms, the body finally telling her that the chain from thorax to floor of the pelvis was connected through.

"The breathing went down into the sacrum. Sacrum mode. The movement of the sacrum and the breathing. And you see this cannot occur until you've got reasonably good relatedness all down the spine. It cannot occur. It cannot occur until you've got reasonable reasonable function in the psoas."

Ida Rolf in the same sixth-hour review, naming the sign she looked for:

Names the diagnostic sign of completed pelvic-floor work — the breath reaching the sacrum — which is the operational end-point for postpartum structural recovery.20

Hernia, surgical repair, and the question of timing

One of the practical questions postpartum bodies raise — and one Ida addressed directly — concerns hernia repair. Diastasis recti, inguinal hernia, and umbilical hernia are common postpartum findings; surgical repair is often recommended. Ida's clinical recommendation, in a public tape, was unambiguous: do not send a body to surgical repair until the pelvis has been turned under and the structural strain on the area has been relieved. Otherwise the repair will not hold.

"And you see, you aren't ready to go into that source until this change has happened, at which time the actual physical stuff in there is just in a different level of tone. Now all of this, your fingers should be telling you. Well, the factor too that as you have an anterior pelvis, there's going to be a lot more strain on that ligament than there will be once you start turning it under. Certainly, and I have said before and probably all of you have heard me that there is no use sending a man to get a surgical repair of a hernia until you've got a pelvis appropriately turned under. If he needs to go to get a surgical repair, fine. Tell him to wait until you've got that structure organized so that that surgical repair can then function. Because this is the story of why it's recurrent. If the pelvis is turned down this way, the strain on that area is just the same after the surgical repair or even perhaps a little more than it was before. I can see where it would be more. Yeah. Yeah. Can see where it would be more. Start adding adhesions. Now, one other point I think I mentioned is that the reason this is a potential canal is that what opening exists between these layers is filled with the transversalis fascia surrounding and closing spermatic cord."

Ida Rolf in a 1974 IPR lecture, on hernia repair and the necessity of organizing the pelvis first:

States Ida's clinical position on hernia repair — surgical correction will not hold unless the pelvis has been turned under first — which has direct implications for postpartum diastasis and hernia.21

This is the only passage in the transcripts where Ida gives explicit pre-surgical guidance, and the principle generalizes. A repair, surgical or fascial, will not hold against the same structural strain that produced the original failure. For postpartum bodies this is the structural rationale for doing the recipe before, not instead of, any surgical intervention being considered.

What women report after the work

Across the transcripts, what postpartum and adult women themselves reported after the work is consistent with what Ida's structural theory would predict. In the 1976 advanced class, the question of urinary incontinence came up directly — a topic central to postpartum experience — and Ida noted that she had heard of cases improving but cautioned that she did not have systematic data. In a 1971-72 broadcast interview, she described a woman whose physical configuration changed enough that she had to buy a larger bra, and she described women who reported being able to lift their arms for the first time in decades.

"So they'll see changes fasten that bra in the back, for instance. That's the usual way that the women come in exultant because they can fasten that bra in the back. So what we're really I remember one dinner party I went to, and I was keeping an ear on as to what my neighbors were saying, and here were two men next to me talking. And one was saying to the other, oh, my wife is so excited over this rolfing. She's had to buy a bigger bra. Literally, it changed her configuration in a very nice way, probably. Well, what about the relationship of body structure to physical health? Do you find that when you restructure the body Of course. There's no question about that."

Ida Rolf in a 1971-72 broadcast interview, recounting what women reported after structural work:

Documents the specific bodily changes women reported — including configuration changes that required new bras, a marker of thoracic and rib-cage reorganization that is structurally inseparable from postpartum recovery.22

Ida treated these reports as evidence not of cosmetic improvement but of structural reorganization that reached the systems women had been living with for decades. The bra example is not trivial — it indicates that the rib cage has been lifted off the pelvis, the chest has lengthened, and the thoracic geometry has changed enough to require a different undergarment. For a postpartum body, exactly this reorganization is what restores breath, restores diaphragm position, and ultimately permits the chain from thorax to floor of the pelvis to function as a single integrated system.

"And it usually goes to something else. You know? It's hung up to some other part. A good way. That's a way of putting it. It doesn't move by it. It doesn't move by itself freely. Oh, okay. It's got it's all determined by how the lumbars are doing and how the adductors are doing and various other things like ropes, ropes, ropes, connecting it up with the rotation and stuff. Okay. How about starting with the first hour now and seeing what you could do with each one of those hours to help the pelvis along? Well, the first hour, freeze the pelvis from both above and below. You lift the thorax off the pelvis by working up around the rib cage and under the costal margin and down along the spine of the ileum. Then you free the pelvis from underneath by working along again, along the spine and around the trochanter and down the hamstrings."

In the 1976 Boulder advanced class, a senior practitioner walks through how each hour contributes to freeing the pelvis:

Captures the structural logic by which the whole ten-session series — from first-hour rib cage work down through the adductors and rotators — is the route by which any postpartum pelvis is reorganized.23

Coda: the floor as the structural inheritance

What emerges from the scattered statements about pregnancy and postpartum bodies across Ida's transcripts is not a separate doctrine but the standard doctrine, applied. The pelvis is a floor; the floor is the pubococcygeus and the structures that govern it; the way to that floor is from above through the thorax and from below through the legs and rotators; the operation that integrates each hour is the pelvic lift; the sign that the work has gone through is the breath reaching the sacrum. A postpartum body is a body that has lived through the structural event most directly relevant to this entire system — and a child is a body that arrives, already, with the geometry of the uterus pressed into its tissue.

The 1976 dissection lecture is the most far-reaching expression of the position. It moves the question of pregnancy from the mother to the dyad: pregnancy shapes both bodies, and the shapes it leaves behind are the starting condition of every subsequent life. Ida's claim — that structural work can reach those shapes and reorganize them — is not a claim about cure. It is a claim about access. The floor of the pelvis can be reached. The lumbar can be brought back. The thorax can be lifted off. The breath can be made to reach the sacrum. And, in some cases that Ida observed without being able to explain, a year after that work is done, a child is conceived who could not be conceived before.

See also: See also: the 1973 Big Sur class discussions of trunk shortening, rib-pelvis heaping, and the third-hour mechanics of bringing the pelvis closer to horizontal (SUR7313, SUR7305); the 1971-72 mystery-tape passages on lumbar mechanics, sacroiliac ligament heaping, and the sacrum-coccyx-floor relationship (72MYS101, 72MYS122); the 1974 Open Universe class on movement patterns, immature gait, and the structural learning that follows the work (UNI_044); and the 1973 Big Sur observations on rotators and the obturator fascia as the route through which iliococcygeus tone can be addressed externally (SUR7322); and the 1974 IPR lecture on the anatomy of the pelvic diaphragm (74_8_11B). These extend the technical anatomical scaffolding underneath the pregnancy and postpartum case beyond what is quoted here. SUR7313 ▸SUR7305 ▸72MYS101 ▸72MYS122 ▸UNI_044 ▸SUR7322 ▸74_8_11B ▸

Sources & Audio

Each source row expands to show how the chapter relates to the topic.

1 Floor of the Pelvis Emphasis 1975 · Rolf Advanced Class 1975 — Boulderat 4:55

From the 1975 Boulder advanced class teaching the fifth hour, Ida insists that the hour is about horizontalizing the floor of the pelvis, not the bony basin. She tells the class she rarely hears students acknowledge that it is the floor — not the rim — that is the vital structure, and that the work of every earlier hour has been preparing for it.

2 Three Primary Manifestations of Disease 1975 · Rolf Advanced Class 1975 — Boulderat 0:10

In a 1975 Boulder advanced class exchange about pelvic immobility, Ida brushes aside psychological speculation and lays down the structural rule: to get mobility in the pelvis, you have to lift the thorax off it. She follows immediately with her recipe-as-continuation doctrine — first hour is the beginning of the tenth — making the operational logic for postpartum bodies the same as the logic for any body.

3 First Hour Technique: Chest and Ribs various · RolfA1 — Public Tapeat 50:34

A senior practitioner in the early-1970s mystery-tape class summarizes Ida's operational rule for organizing the pelvis with respect to gravity: free the pelvis from above by lifting the thorax off it, then free it from below by freeing the legs and hamstrings. Ida adds the underscore — the hamstrings are not a separate matter; they are part of freeing around the hip joint, because the pelvis cannot turn around the hip joint if the hamstrings are too tight.

4 Pubococcygeus and Kegel's Discovery various · RolfB3 — Public Tapeat 53:14

After a long Socratic exchange in which Ida pushes her class to name not just the floor of the pelvis but its operative key, she lands on the pubococcygeus. The passage matters because it gives the postpartum question a specific anatomical target: the muscle most directly stressed and stretched by carrying and delivering a child is also the muscle Ida treats as the key of the entire pelvic floor.

5 Fourth Hour and Pelvic Floor various · RolfB3 — Public Tapeat 50:41

In the same 1971-72 class, Ida walks her students through the physiological argument for why horizontalizing the pelvis matters. She presses for an answer not in terms of gravity but in terms of physiology, and accepts the answer that the floor must be supported by integrity — by which she means the integrity of an organized fascial and muscular structure capable of carrying what rests on it.

6 Aging Begins Before Birth 1976 · Rolf Advanced Class 1976at 0:00

Opening the 1976 Boulder advanced class, an anatomist working alongside Ida frames pregnancy as a structural event for the child as well as the mother. From dissection of a two-day-old infant she could already predict what the man he would have become would have looked like. The uterine wall, she explains, restricts the developing body, forces rotations of head, legs, and arms, and produces distortions that are present at birth. Tendons and ligaments form, she says, as modifications of fascia along lines of pressure and tension — and so the pregnancy itself is the first structural event in any human life.

7 Shoulder-Scapula Unity and Leg Rotations 1976 · Rolf Advanced Class 1976at 29:13

Continuing the 1976 dissection lecture, the anatomist describes what happened when the infant's leg was rotated inward: the pelvis tilted forward, strains immediately appeared along the back of the pelvis and down the leg, and the beginning of what looked like a structural strap formed at the bottom of the gluteal fold. The observation gives empirical force to Ida's longstanding claim that the structural patterns visible in adult bodies are not acquired purely through use — they are present already, shaped by the geometry of the uterus and the position of the developing body within it.

8 Review of Hours One Through Six various · RolfB6 — Public Tapeat 6:31

In her 1971-72 review of the recipe, Ida names two clinical observations about the fourth hour that students rarely hear stated together. The first is the report that in many childless couples, conception followed about a year after the woman had received a complete ten-session series, which she attributes to the reorganization of the floor of the pelvis. The second is that the same hour does a great deal to make physically intolerable marriages physically tolerable. The passage is one of the few places in the transcripts where Ida talks plainly about reproductive and sexual function as downstream effects of structural work.

9 Review of Hours One Through Six various · RolfB6 — Public Tapeat 9:40

Reviewing the fifth hour in her 1971-72 class, Ida explains that the practitioner is not merely organizing a muscle but is almost reaching into the lumbar plexus and through it to the abdominal organs themselves. The passage matters for the pregnancy and postpartum question because it specifies the route by which structural work affects visceral function: through the psoas into the plexus, through the diaphragm into the position of the heart, downward into the floor that supports the uterus and bladder.

10 Working on Heavy Clients various · RolfB6 — Public Tapeat 1:39

Ida extends the fifth-hour mechanism upward in the same 1971-72 review. Work on the psoas affects the diaphragm to which it joins, and through the diaphragm it affects the solar plexus and the position and behavior of the heart. The hour, in her account, builds upward out of the pelvis into all the structures whose well-being depends on the floor being in its place — the visceral chain that pregnancy most directly disorganizes and that postpartum work most directly has to restore.

11 Psoas, Iliacus, and Lumbar Mechanics various · RolfA2 — Public Tapeat 60:11

In a public tape addressing the mechanics of the psoas and rectus abdominis, Ida names a specific mechanical claim: pulling upward on the psoas through work on the rectus pulls downward on the lumbar, and the downward pull thickens the discs and produces a more flexible lumbar. The passage is the closest she comes in the available transcripts to a mechanical theory of what the fifth-hour work does to a lumbar spine that has been carrying a pregnancy. A postpartum lumbar is by definition a lumbar whose discs have been compressed and whose curve has been exaggerated; her claim is that this work is exactly what reverses that.

12 Psoas, Iliacus, and Lumbar Mechanics various · RolfA2 — Public Tapeat 60:28

Continuing in the same public tape, Ida names what is at stake structurally when the lumbar is allowed to remain where pregnancy or postural habit has placed it. The vertebral bodies were designed to transmit the weight of the upper body to the floor, but when the lumbar is thrown out of the gravity line, the weight is transmitted instead through the soft tissue surrounding it — the quadratus lumborum, the lumbar fascia, the erectors — which were never designed to bear it. She calls this arrangement crazy. It is the structural condition every postpartum body presents with.

13 First Hour Technique: Chest and Ribs various · RolfA1 — Public Tapeat 49:48

A senior practitioner in an IPR public tape describes the technique of approaching the superficial fascia of the chest in the first hour. The work begins along the chest wall and back, freeing the ribs so they can function in their full range of breathing, attending to the attachments of the diaphragm along the lower rib cage, and finally raising the whole chest off the pelvis to lengthen the front of the body. He frames the work as a way of letting the patient become aware that the body is changing — which Ida treats as essential to the work succeeding at all.

14 Three Primary Manifestations of Disease 1975 · Rolf Advanced Class 1975 — Boulderat 0:18

Ida and a student in the 1975 Boulder advanced class describe the recipe as a literal continuation rather than a sequence of discrete events. The first hour is the beginning of the tenth; the second hour is the second half of the first; the third hour is the second half of the first and second together. The recipe was broken into ten only because the body could not absorb all the work at once. For postpartum bodies as for any others, this means the work that eventually reaches the floor of the pelvis begins, structurally, at the chest.

15 Goals of the First Hour various · RolfB2 — Public Tapeat 8:57

In a public tape Ida describes the pelvic lift as the operation that builds in the freeing the practitioner has done with her hands. The lift turns down the sacrum, separates the lumbar vertebrae so they can begin to straighten out, and addresses the short lumbar whose shortness produces the characteristic anterior-sacrum, posterior-apex reversal she saw in many bodies. She is explicit that the practitioner is organizing every articulation from the fourth-fifth lumbar to the fifth-sacral, and that without this organization the rest of the hour's work cannot stabilize.

16 Sacrum Hooked in the Dorsum 1975 · Rolf Advanced Class 1975 — Boulderat 0:00

In a 1975 Boulder advanced class exchange, Ida tells the story of Dorothy Melfy reviving an adolescent girl who had attempted suicide by gas inhalation, by putting the girl on the floor and giving her pelvic lifts. The anecdote is the only place in the transcripts where the lift is described as having been used as an emergency intervention. It registers how seriously Ida's circle took the procedure as a mobilization of breathing, vagal function, and pelvic-cervical balance.

17 Compression from Aggressive Use 1975 · Rolf Advanced Class 1975 — Boulderat 32:23

In a 1975 Boulder third-hour discussion, Ida names the mechanism by which the trunk shortens and the abdominal contents are forced outward. The aggressive body type, she says, exerts itself through the arms and ties everything into the trunk through the rectus, the lumbar fascia, and the spleniorectal groups. The result is a shortened trunk and a protruding belly — the same configuration a postpartum body presents with, arrived at by a different route but structurally identical. The third-hour work is the lengthening that lifts the thorax off the pelvis and lets the abdominal contents return to their proper space.

18 Client Emotional Reactions to Work various · RolfA3 — Public Tapeat 0:00

Reviewing the sixth hour in a public tape, Ida and her student walk through the sequence of work — Achilles tendon, gastrocnemius, hamstrings, and then medial sacrum and coccyx — and identify the real goal as getting under the rotators. The hour is the first in the series where the practitioner has any hope of reaching the anterior aspect of the sacrum, by working externally with the insertions of the rotators that arise from it. She frames the rotators as the muscles that allow the sacrum to be balanced with the rest of the pelvis.

19 Coccyx, Sacrum and Horizontalizing Pelvis 1971-72 · Mystery Tapes — CD1at 15:04

In a 1971-72 mystery-tape class Ida presses her students to recognize what they have been forgetting: in the fourth and sixth hours the practitioner has to get into the ligaments that attach to the coccyx and the sacrum, because the coccyx determines the floor of the pelvis. She tells the class plainly that this is scary work — a long way into a person, into a region that practitioners and patients alike are uncomfortable approaching — but that without it the floor cannot be horizontalized. The passage is the structural foundation under everything she will say about postpartum recovery.

20 Sixth Hour: Posterior and Rotators various · RolfA3 — Public Tapeat 50:06

In the same sixth-hour review, Ida names the sign that tells the practitioner the work has gone through: the movement of the sacrum with the breathing. The sign cannot occur, she explains, until the practitioner has reasonable relatedness all down the spine, reasonable function in the psoas, and reasonable spanning of the lumbar in terms of its soft tissue. For a postpartum body this becomes the diagnostic landmark — the body has been restored when the breath, traveling down from a freed thorax, reaches a sacrum that is once again free to move.

21 Timing Psoas Work and Hernia Repair 1974 · IPR Lecture — Aug 11, 1974at 19:52

In a 1974 IPR lecture on the anatomy of the pelvic floor, Ida pauses to make a clinical recommendation about hernia repair. She tells the class she has often said that there is no use sending a man for surgical repair of a hernia until the pelvis has been appropriately turned under. If the pelvis remains anteriorly tilted, the strain on the inguinal region is just as great after the repair as before — and the hernia recurs. The same logic applies, by structural extension, to postpartum diastasis recti and umbilical hernia.

22 The Ten-Hour Cycle and Process 1971-72 · Mystery Tapes — CD2at 38:30

In a 1971-72 broadcast interview, Ida describes the kinds of changes women reported to her after structural work. One woman had her configuration change to the extent that she had to buy a larger bra — a marker of thoracic and rib-cage reorganization that postpartum bodies almost universally need. Another could fasten her bra in the back for the first time in years. Ida frames these reports as the visible surface of changes that go much deeper into the function of the body.

23 Reviewing First Hour Goals 1976 · Rolf Advanced Class 1976at 0:00

In the 1976 Boulder advanced class, a senior practitioner walks the class through the cumulative logic of the recipe with respect to the pelvis. The first hour frees the pelvis from above by lifting the thorax and from below by working the legs; the second hour completes the work below the knees and lengthens the back; later hours go deeper into the adductors, the psoas, and the rotators. The summary makes clear that each hour contributes a specific structural correction, and that the postpartum case is not a special protocol but the standard recipe applied to a body whose specific disorganizations the practitioner has learned to read.

Educational archive of Dr. Ida P. Rolf's recorded teaching, 1966–1976. "Rolfing®" / "Rolfer®" are trademarks of the DIRI; independently maintained by Joel Gheiler, not affiliated with the DIRI.

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